Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods described relate to a system including an electrosurgical interface electrically coupled to the generator, an energy delivery element electrically coupled to the electrosurgical interface, the energy delivery element configured to receive energy from the generator to form a puncture in tissue of a patient, and a return electrode electrically coupled to the patient and the generator.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: Catheter systems and methods for the selective and rapid application of DC voltage to drive irreversible electroporation are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a voltage pulse generator and an electrode controller. The voltage pulse generator is configured to produce a pulsed voltage waveform. The electrode controller is configured to be operably coupled to the voltage pulse generator and a medical device including a series of electrodes. The electrode controller includes a selection module and a pulse delivery module. The selection module is configured to select a subset of electrodes from the series of electrodes. The selection module is configured identify at least one electrode as an anode and at least one electrode as a cathode. The pulse delivery module is configured to deliver an output signal associated with the pulsed voltage waveform to the subset of electrodes.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters thai are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters that are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fabricating a forward facing piezoelectric stylus is provided. In a representative device, a piezoelectric element is connected to a stylus shaft, wherein the stylus shaft provides connectivity from the piezoelectric element to a console device. The stylus have shape such that multiple can be fabricated simultaneously in certain steps. In some instances, the stylus is adapted such that it can be placed within a needle, allowing easier placement of the needle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fabricating a forward facing piezoelectric stylus is provided. In a representative device, a piezoelectric element is connected to a stylus shaft, wherein the stylus shaft provides connectivity from the piezoelectric element to a console device. The stylus have shape such that multiple can be fabricated simultaneously in certain steps. In some instances, the stylus is adapted such that it can be placed within a needle, allowing easier placement of the needle.

Abstract: A percutaneous catheter system for use within the human body and an ablation catheter for ablating a selected tissue region within the body of a subject. The percutaneous catheter system can include two catheters thai are operatively coupled to one another by magnetic coupling through a tissue structure. The ablation catheter can include electrodes positioned within a central portion. The ablation catheter is positioned such that the central portion of a flexible shaft at least partially surrounds the selected tissue region. Each electrode of the ablation catheter can be activated independently to apply ablative energy to the selected tissue region. The ablation catheter can employ high impedance structures to change the current density at specific points. Methods of puncturing through a tissue structure using the percutaneous catheter system are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for ablating a selected tissue region using the ablation catheter.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from plant materials, particularly plants of the genus Vaccinium, which have biological activity measurable as inhibition with adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces, and an extract of such plant materials which is significantly enriched for the anti-adhesion activity. The specific compounds include procyanidins (also known as “condensed tannins”), leukocyanin, leucodelphinin, flavonol glucosides including myricetin-3-pyranoside and proanthocyanidin extracts. These proanthocyanidin extracts are capable of inhibiting agglutination reactions of P-type E. coli. The extracts containing proanthocyanidins contain at least one A-type interflavanoid bond. Methods of making an extract.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from plant materials, particularly plants of the genus Vaccinium, which have biological activity measurable as inhibition with adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces, and an extract of such plant materials which is significantly enriched for the anti-adhesion activity. The specific compounds include procyanidins (also known as “condensed tannins”), leukocyanin, leucodelphinin, flavonol glucosides including myricetin-3-pyranoside and proanthocyanidin extracts. These proanthocyanidin extracts are capable of inhibiting agglutination reactions of P-type E. Coli. The extracts containing proanthocyanidins contain at least one A-type interflavanoid bond. Methods of making an extract.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from plant materials, particularly plants of the genus Vaccinium, which have biological activity measurable as inhibition with adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces, and an extract of such plant materials which is significantly enriched for the anti-adhesion activity. The specific compounds include procyanidins (also known as “condensed tannins”), leukocyanin, leucodelphinin, flavonol glucosides including myricetin-3-pyranoside and proanthocyanidin extracts. These proanthocyanidin extracts are capable of inhibiting agglutination reactions of P-type E. coli. The extracts containing proanthocyanidins contain at least one A-type interflavanoid bond. Methods of making an extract.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from plant materials, particularly plants of the genus Vaccinium, which have biological activity measurable as inhibition with adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces, and an extract of such plant materials which is significantly enriched for the anti-adhesion activity. The specific compounds include procyanidins (also known as “condensed tannins”), leukocyanin and leucodelphinin, and flavonol glucosides including myricetin-3-pyranoside and proanthocyanidin extracts. These proanthocyanidin extracts are capable of inhibiting agglutination reactions of P-type E. coli. The extracts containing proanthocyanidins contain at least one A-type interflavanoid bond. Methods of making an extract having the properties.

Abstract: Proanthocyanidin monomers, dimers, polymers, flavonoid, and flavanoid derivatives and related compounds are used for their ability to interfere with bacterial adherence to a surface. Crystalline proanthocyanadin dimer and plant extracts enriched with such compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from plant materials of the genus Vaccinium, which have biological activity measurable as inhibition with adhesion of bacterial cells to surfaces, are described. The specific compounds include procyanidins, leucocyanin and leucodelphinin, and flavonol glucosides including myricetin-3-pyranoside. An exemplary procyanidin compound is a substituted epicatechin-catechin dimer or other polymer. Also described is an extract prepared from plants of the genus Vaccinium, especially cranberries, which is enriched for anti-adhesion activity. The extract is enriched for polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, lacks detectable amounts of simple sugars, has a very low content of benzoic acid relative to raw cranberries, and lacks significant amounts of anthocyanins. Methods for preparing and for using the extract are disclosed.

Abstract: An extract prepared from plants of the genus Vaccinium, especially cranberries, which is enriched for an activity which inhibits bacterial adhesion to surfaces. The extract is also enriched for polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, lacks detectable amounts of simple sugars, has a very low content of benzoic acid relative to raw cranberries, and lacks significant amounts of anthocyanins. Methods for preparing and for using the extract are also disclosed.