Abstract: A system for communicating information to and from untethered subscriber devices and tethered devices by the use of a power transmission line communication system interfacing to a conventional electric power distribution network. Untethered subscriber devices and tethered devices will be able to send and receive impulse or modulated signals. The coupling system to and from a power transmission line is a tethered device housed entirely in an enclosure able to replace a sunlight detector affixed to a street pole, or to plug into an outlet, or to attach around a transmission line, or screw into a light socket. A battery supplies energy to the tethered device screwed into a light socket when no electricity flows to the socket. A tethered device attached around a transmission line is powered by magnetic induction and interfaces through a power transmission communication system. The tethered device interfaces directly to the electrical lines by means of a power transmission communication system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the ion chromatographic analysis of ionic species of a common first polarity opposite to a second polarity employ an eluant ion suppressor cell having two electrodes. The ionic species to be analyzed and an eluant solution are introduced in solution to an ion exchange resin bed. The eluant solution essentially consists of an eluting reagent in solution such that the eluting reagent is ionized to form first eluant ions of the first polarity and second eluant ions of the second polarity. An effluent essentially consisting of separated ionic species, first eluant ions and second eluant ions in solution is discharged from the resin bed. The effluent is introduced through an inlet in the suppressor cell such that the effluent flows along a surface of the first and second electrodes. An electrical voltage is applied to the electrodes so as to maintain the first electrode at the first polarity and the second electrode at the second polarity.

Abstract: A linear equation which infers elution time in a gas chromatograph as a function of temperature is assigned to a chemical compound. The linear equation is useful in constructing a computer data base which contains a long list of chemical compounds, a list of chromatographs each having a separation column containing a different adsorbent material, and a long list of linear equations associating each chemical compound with each chromatograph. The data base, which is arranged for computer searching, aids researchers in gas chromatography by automating a systematic search for optimum combination of separation columns and operating parameters.

Abstract: An analysis of the concentration of the individual components of a sample is obtained using a chromatographic analyzer where the concentrations of the individual components or the sensitivity of the detector to the individual components vary over a wide range. The sample is injected into a first chromatographic column and trace components of interest are eluted to a detector for measurement. The major components are backflushed, diluted, provided to a second chromatographic column and then eluted to a detector for measurement. The dilution of the major components ensures the linearity of the detector response. Analysis of both the trace components and major components is thus provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gradient elution by liquid chromatography is provided wherein a second carrier having a composition different from the first carrier is introduced and propelled through the chromatographic apparatus by the first carrier.

Abstract: A system is disclosed which enables one to intermittently obtain diluted samples of a liquid stream that reflect the composition of that liquid stream.

Abstract: A sensitive universal detector for liquid chromatography is disclosed in which eluent from a liquid chromatograph column is aspirated into a flame and broken into a fine spray of aerosol particles. Water, when used as the mobile phase, is not ionized appreciably by the flame but does form charged droplets by rupturing of the liquid surface. The solute, when desolvated and burned in the flame, forms ionized species which affect the amount of charge on the aerosol particles. The aerosol particles, partially desolvated and ionized by the burner flame, move upward toward a filter electrode which removes gas phase ionic species from the particle stream. The charged, undesolvated aerosol particles passing the filter electrode enter an evacuated detection chamber in which a pair of detector electrodes is positioned. An electrometer system senses a varying current between the detector electrodes as each solute is eluted from the column.