Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: Asphalt sealcoats and asphalt shingle waste coatings for roofing materials are provided. A roofing material comprises a substrate having an exposed surface and an unexposed surface. An asphalt shingle waste coating is located on at least a portion of the exposed surface of the substrate. The asphalt shingle waste coating comprises an asphalt shingle waste, wherein the asphalt shingle waste comprises a waste asphalt and a limestone. An asphalt sealcoat is located on at least a portion of the asphalt shingle waste coating. The asphalt sealcoat is substantially free of the asphalt shingle waste. The asphalt sealcoat has a thickness of no greater than 50% of a thickness of the asphalt shingle waste coating.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to asphalt shingle waste coatings in roofing shingles of roofing systems. A roofing system comprises a plurality of roofing shingles. The plurality of roofing shingles, when installed on a roof substrate, comprises exposed surfaces and unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt shingle waste coatings on or only on at least one of the unexposed surfaces. The plurality of roofing shingles comprises asphalt coatings on or only on at least one of the exposed surfaces.

Abstract: A process for operating a coal-fired utility boiler. The process has the steps of (a) providing coal and one or more additives in proximity to one or more burners in the boiler; (b) providing air to the boiler; and (c) burning the coal and the one or more additives in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas. Also disclosed are a burner and a coal-fired boiler.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of inhibiting the rate at which superoxide dismutse-1 (SOD) aggregates using compounds that stabilize SOD dimers. The methods are useful in the study and therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The invention also includes assays that can be used to identify compounds that stabilize dimers and SOD molecules that have been modified for use in these assays.