Abstract: Centrifugation is used to induce and/or enhance binding between macromolecular targets and either small-molecule ligands or larger biomolecules as single entities or mixtures. With the enhanced binding, the method of the invention permits detection of ligands that bind to target substances and improve the design of ligands. The process relies on centrifugal force to establish a differential and selective concentration gradient between macromolecular therapeutic targets and the desired ligands. Once formed, the information about the self-sorting binding events is derived by analyzing the differential gradient of macromolecules and ligands in situ or by fractionating the gradient into individual samples for independent analysis. A variety of methods or combinations thereof, can be used to look for enhanced levels of bound ligands.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for monitoring air to determine the presence of chloromethyl methyl ether at the part per billion level.The above compound is reacted with an alkali metal salt of an alcohol, a phenol, or a chlorophenol to form a derivative which provides suitable sensitivity when applied to a gas chromatograph utilizing a suitable detector such as a hydrogen flame detector or, if a chlorophenol reactant is used, an electron capture detector.

Abstract: Method for quantitatively determining the presence of chloromethyl methyl ether and/or bis-chloromethyl ether in a fluid.The above compounds are reacted with a reactant from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt of a lower alcohol, an alkali metal salt of phenol or an alkyl phenol, an alkali metal salt of a chlorophenol or bromophenol, an alkali metal salt of an alkoxy phenol, an alkali metal salt of a chlorinated pyridinol, and an alkali metal salt of thiophenol or a chlorinated thiophenol, dissolved in a lower alcohol, to form derivatives which provide suitable stability, specificity and sensitivity when applied to a gas chromatograph utilizing a suitable detector.

Abstract: Apparatus for quantitatively determining the presence of chloromethyl methyl ether and/or bis-chloromethyl ether in a fluid.The above compounds are reacted in the apparatus of the invention with a reactant from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt of a lower alcohol, an alkali metal salt of phenol or an alkyl phenol, an alkali metal salt of a chlorophenol or a bromophenol, an alkali metal salt of an alkoxy phenol, an alkali metal salt of a chlorinated pyridinol, and an alkali metal salt of thiophenol, dissolved in a lower alcohol, to form derivatives which provide suitable stability, specificity and sensitivity, and then applied to a gas chromatograph utilizing a suitable detector coupled to a readout device. The apparatus is automated and controlled by timing means.