Abstract: Tire comprising at least one working layer (41). The radially outermost one thereof comprises at least one undulation (412) radially on the outside of the points of the working layer (41) that are in line with the centre of the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest to undulation (412). The undulation (412) of the radially outermost working layer (41) is such that, over at least 10% of the radially outer surface (ROS) of the said working layer (41), the radial distance (do) between the radially outer surface (ROS) and the tread surface (21) is at least 1 mm less than the radial distance (dc) between the radially outer surface (ROS) and the tread surface (21), which is the distance in line with the centre of the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest to the said undulation (412).

Abstract: A tire (1) for a vehicle has a tread surface having a transverse radius RT and comprises a crown layer (3) that comprises at least one undulation (312) in line with a rib (26). The undulation (312) is such that it is radially on the outside of the points of the undulated layer in line with the center of the bottom face of the circumferential furrow (25) closest to the undulation (312) and has an amplitude at least equal to 1 mm. The radial distance (da) between at least one contact edge corner of a rib (26) in line with which an undulation is located and the transverse radius RT of the rib is at least equal to 0.2 mm and at most equal to 2 mm.

Abstract: Tire comprising major grooves with a depth at least equal to 4 mm and with a width at least equal to 1 mm. The radially outermost working layer (41) comprises at least one undulation (412). The undulation (412) is such that the undulation (412) portion of the working layer (41) represents at least 10% of the surface of the working layer (41), has an amplitude of at least 1 mm and is radially on the outside of the points of the working layer (41) that are in line with the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest (412). All the layers of material (3, 6, 7) making up the radial stack of the crown structure (S) have mean surfaces parallel to that of the radially outermost working layer (41).

Abstract: A method for estimating the overall wear of a tyre having a crown, the crown comprising a tread having a mean thickness E, the tyre delimiting an internal cavity, comprises the following steps: acquiring a transfer function F of the tyre on a reference ground depending on influencing factors and the thickness E; acquiring a passage function ? of the mounted assembly, said passage function being defined for a section of road; in a measurement cycle determining a force FX and a rate of slip g % at the wheel centre of the tyre, when running in a straight line involving variations in acceleration on the dry section of road; determining a load Z1 experienced by the mounted assembly; determining a temperature T1 of the mounted assembly; determining an inflation pressure P1 of the internal cavity.

Abstract: A tire (1) for a vehicle, has a tread surface having a transverse radius RT and comprises a crown layer (3) that comprises at least one undulation (312) in line with a rib (26). The undulation (312) is such that it is radially on the outside of the points of the undulated layer in line with the center of the bottom face of the circumferential furrow (25) closest to the undulation (312) and has an amplitude at least equal to 1 mm. The radial distance (da) between at least one contact edge corner of a rib (26) in line with which an undulation is located and the transverse radius RT of the rib is at least equal to 0.2 mm and at most equal to 2 mm.

Abstract: Tire comprising at least one working layer (41). The radially outermost one thereof comprises at least one undulation (412) radially on the outside of the points of the working layer (41) that are in line with the centre of the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest to undulation (412). The undulation (412) of the radially outermost working layer (41) is such that, over at least 10% of the radially outer surface (ROS) of the said working layer (41), the radial distance (do) between the radially outer surface (ROS) and the tread surface (21) is at least 1 mm less than the radial distance (dc) between the radially outer surface (ROS) and the tread surface (21), which is the distance in line with the centre of the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest to the said undulation (412).

Abstract: Tire (1) for a vehicle, comprising a radially outermost working layer (41) which comprises at least one undulation (412) in line with a rib (26). The undulation (412) is such that it is radially on the outside of the points of the working layer (41) that are in line with the centre of the bottom face (243) of the circumferential groove (25) closest to the undulation (412) and that the minimum radial distance (do), between the radially outer surface of the radially outermost working layer (41) and the tread surface (21) is at least 1 mm less than the radial distance (dc) between the radially outer surface (ROS) of the radially outermost working layer (41) and the tread surface (21), which is the distance in line with the circumferential groove (25) closest to the undulation (412) concerned.

Abstract: Tire comprising major grooves with a depth at least equal to 4 mm and with a width at least equal to 1 mm. The radially outermost working layer (41) comprises at least one undulation (412). The undulation (412) is such that the undulation (412) portion of the working layer (41) represents at least 10% of the surface of the working layer (41), has an amplitude of at least 1 mm and is radially on the outside of the points of the working layer (41) that are in line with the bottom face (243) of the major groove (24) closest (412). All the layers of material (3, 6, 7) making up the radial stack of the crown structure (S) have mean surfaces parallel to that of the radially outermost working layer (41).

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a tire comprising a tread strip in which blind radial cuts are arranged in the blocks of rubber that form the tread pattern, comprising a step during which the cuts (33) are made in the unvulcanized tread strip (3) intended to cap the green tire. One or more blades (22) are raised to a temperature higher than the vulcanization temperature of the material of which the tread strip (3) is made are caused to penetrate the radially internal face (32) of the tread strip (3) for a sufficient period of time that they superficially vulcanize the walls of the cut in contact with the blade (22) so as to prevent the faces from sticking back together once the blade has been withdrawn from the cut.

Abstract: Tire tread comprising a tread surface intended to come into contact with a roadway, this tread comprising at least one sipe extending in a main direction D and of mean width E, this sipe comprising in the main direction D at least one part sipe of shallow depth HF and at least one part sipe of great depth HG, the depth HF being less than the depth HG, each part sipe of shallow depth and each part sipe of great depth comprising an end region, this tread further comprising at least one insert oriented in a direction different from the main direction D of the sipe, this insert being positioned wholly within the thickness of the tread so as to be situated radially on the inside of a part sipe of shallow depth HF, this tread being such that at least the part sipe of shallow depth HF situated radially on the outside of the insert is provided, at its end region, with a widening forming a channel of maximum width W, this maximum width W being greater than the mean width E of the sipe.

Abstract: Tire tread comprising a tread surface intended to come into contact with a roadway, this tread comprising at least one sipe extending in a main direction D and of mean width E, this sipe comprising in the main direction D at least one part sipe of shallow depth HF and at least one part sipe of great depth HG, the depth HF being less than the depth HG, each part sipe of shallow depth and each part sipe of great depth comprising an end region, this tread further comprising at least one insert oriented in a direction different from the main direction D of the sipe, this insert being positioned wholly within the thickness of the tread so as to be situated radially on the inside of a part sipe of shallow depth HF, this tread being such that at least the part sipe of shallow depth HF situated radially on the outside of the insert is provided, at its end region, with a widening forming a channel of maximum width W, this maximum width W being greater than the mean width E of the sipe.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a tire comprising a tread strip in which blind radial cuts are arranged in the blocks of rubber that form the tread pattern, comprising a step during which the cuts (33) are made in the unvulcanized tread strip (3) intended to cap the green tire. One or more blades (22) are raised to a temperature higher than the vulcanization temperature of the material of which the tread strip (3) is made are caused to penetrate the radially internal face (32) of the tread strip (3) for a sufficient period of time that they superficially vulcanize the walls of the cut in contact with the blade (22) so as to prevent the faces from sticking back together once the blade has been withdrawn from the cut.

Abstract: A method of estimating the temperature of the air in the internal cavity of a tire in which: prior to normal operation, a series of running tests are carried out on the tire provided with a means of measuring the internal air temperature at given speeds V and external temperatures Tamb, the tire supporting a given load and the cavity being at a given internal relative pressure, and an adjustment is made to a function giving the temperature of the internal air Tai according to the parameters of speed and external temperature; and in normal operation, the tire equipping a vehicle under the above conditions of load and relative pressure, the internal air temperature is estimated according to the speed of the vehicle and the temperature external to the vehicle. The method ia applied to the detection of abnormal operating in particular of a running-flat system.

Abstract: A method of fitting a tire P and a removable tread support S on a one-piece wheel rim J, rim comprising a first rim seat, inclined outwards, and the tire P comprises a first bead and a second bead to be mounted respectively on the first and second rim seats, in which, before completion of fitting the support S on a rim bearing surface of the rim, the first bead is gripped at a given point and is moved radially outwards to radially separate this point on the first bead from the support S. The fitting of the support S on the rim bearing surface continues and the bead is released after completion of the fitting of the support S.

Abstract: A method of estimating the temperature of the air in the internal cavity of a tire in which: prior to normal operation, a series of running tests are carried out on the tire provided with a means of measuring the internal air temperature at given speeds V and external temperatures Tamb, the tire supporting a given load and the cavity being at a given internal relative pressure, and an adjustment is made to a function giving the temperature of the internal air Tai according to the parameters of speed and external temperature; and in normal operation, the tire equipping a vehicle under the above conditions of load and relative pressure, the internal air temperature is estimated according to the speed of the vehicle and the temperature external to the vehicle. The method ia applied to the detection of abnormal operating in particular of a running-flat system.

Abstract: A method of estimating the temperature of the air in the internal cavity of a tire in which: prior to normal operation, a series of running tests are carried out on the tire provided with a means of measuring the internal air temperature at given speeds V and external temperatures Tamb, the tire supporting a given load and the cavity being at a given internal relative pressure, and an adjustment is made to a function giving the temperature of the internal air Tai according to the parameters of speed and external temperature; and in normal operation, the tire equipping a vehicle under the above conditions of load and relative pressure, the internal air temperature is estimated according to the speed of the vehicle and the temperature external to the vehicle. The method ia applied to the detection of abnormal operating in particular of a running-flat system.

Abstract: A method of estimating the temperature of the air in the internal cavity of a tire in which:

Abstract: A method of fitting a tire P and a removable tread support S on a one-piece wheel rim J, rim comprising a first rim seat, inclined outwards, and the tire P comprises a first bead and a second bead to be mounted respectively on the first and second rim seats, in which, before completion of fitting the support S on a rim bearing surface of the rim, the first bead is gripped at a given point and is moved radially outwards to radially separate this point on the first bead from the support S. The fitting of the support S on the rim bearing surface continues and the bead is released after completion of the fitting of the support S.