Abstract: A device for applying an electrical charge to a charge retentive surface by transporting ions in a fluid media and transferring the ions to the member to be charged across the fluid media/charge retentive surface interface. The fluid media is positioned in contact with a charge retentive surface for depositing ions onto the charge retentive surface. In one specific embodiment, the fluid media is a ferrofluid material wherein a magnet is utilized to control the position of the fluid media, which, in turn, can be utilized to selectively control the activation of the charging process.

Abstract: A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised of a first metal oxide forming a core particle, and a second metal oxide forming an outer layer on the first metal oxide core particle of the formula [(M.sup.1 O.sub.n)x]-[(M.sup.2 O.sub.n).sub.y ] wherein M.sup.1 represents the first metal oxide metal, M.sup.2 represents the second metal oxide metal, n is an integer representing the number of oxygen atoms and is determined by the valence of the metal M to which the oxygen atoms are bonded, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of the first and second metal oxides, and wherein M.sup.1 is different from M.sup.2.Another embodiment is a composite metal oxide toner charge enhancing additive composition comprising an organosilane outer layer or coating covalently bonded on the outer surface of the second metal oxide layer of the formula {(M.sup.1 O.sub.n).sub.x }-{M.sup.2 O.sub.n).sub.y }-{Si R.sub.4-n).sub.z } wherein (Si R.sub.4-n).sub.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of multiblock or liquid glass resin particles with a glass transition temperature of between from about 20.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C., and pigment particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a front projection display screen formed from a multiplicity of optical cells juxtaposed to define a surface. Each of the cells comprises a directional filter and light converging optics. The directional filter, which covers substantially all of the face of the optical cell, is adapted to pass light from the direction of the projector and to absorb light from other directions except at a small, transparent return aperture. The light converging optics are adapted to focus the substantially parallel light from the projector at the return aperture part of the directional filter and to spread it into a large solid angle. The combination provides an image of improved visual contrast by absorbing background light and returning image light to viewers.

Abstract: A colored magnetic toner composition comprised of a polymer resin or resins, an optional waxy, lubricating or low surface energy substance, a colorless or light colored magnetic material, a color pigment, dye or mixture thereof, excluding black, and a whitening agent; and wherein the surface of the toner contains a conductive metal oxide.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of semicrystalline copolymer resin particles with a melting point of from about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., and containing functional groups comprising hydroxy, carboxy, amino, amido, ammonium or halo, and pigment particles.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of multiblock or liquid glass resin particles with a glass transition temperature of between from about 20.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C., and pigment particles.

Abstract: In a xerographic printing apparatus, toner material is thermally fused and fixed onto a surface of a copy sheet by condensing water vapor on the surface of the copy sheet. In the preferred embodiment, the toner material substantially comprises docasanoic acid. The water vapor is condensed on the surface of the copy sheet by means of applying the water vapor onto the surface through a narrow slit moving relative to the surface.

Abstract: A colored magnetic encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer binder, a colorless or light colored magnetic material, a color pigment, dye or mixture thereof excluding black, and a whitening agent; and which core is encapsulated in a polymeric shell containing a metal oxide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process which comprises the generation of a latent image; developing the image with a toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite particles, and a polymeric fluorocarbon; and subsequently providing the developed image with magnetic ink characters thereon to a reader/sorter device whereby toner offsetting and image smearing is avoided or minimized in said device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for rapidly charging uncharged toner particles to a positive polarity, which comprises adding uncharged toner particles to a positively charged developer composition comprising carrier particles and toner particles, the charged and uncharged toner particles containing conductive particles or conductive patches on their surface, which conductive patches are of a higher positive triboelectric charge than the toner polymer, contacting the charged toner particles with the uncharged toner particles causing positive charges to be transferred from the conductive particles on the charged toner particles, to conductive particles on the uncharged toner particles, within a period of from about 5 seconds to about 2 minutes, thereby resulting in substantially the same level of positive charge intensity for both the original charged toner particles and the added toner particles, such charge intensity ranging from about 5 microcoulombs per gram to about 50 microcoulombs per gram.

Abstract: An apparatus in which the distribution of tones particles is measured as a function of the size and charge thereof. The toner particles pass through a uniform electrical field in the interior chamber of the housing. The resultant deflection from a reference is a function of the size and charge of the particle. A computer driven image analysis system displays a toner charge distribution.

Abstract: An electrostatographic toner composition including a colorant and polyether polymer of a dihydric phenol and an alkylene ether glycol.

Abstract: Electrostatographic carrier coating compositions which provide porous carrier cores with coatings that are more uniform in thickness and complete in integrity are obtained by employing a thixotropic lacquer. The nature of the thixotropic lacquer is such that its viscosity is low under high shear rates, but high under low shear rates as found during the spreading and penetration of the lacquer on the carrier cores.

Abstract: Electrostatographic carrier materials having low bulk densities and high magnetic permeabilities are obtained by impregnating low density porous silicaceous particles with a magnetic or magnetically-attractable transition metal or metal oxide thereof. The low density magnetic composite carrier particles are prpepared by the thermal decomposition of transition metal carbonyls in the presence of the silicaceous particles with a suitable suspending medium. Air and moisture are excluded from the reaction vessel and the contents are heated with agitation so that the carbonyl boils and the mixture is refluxed until the temperature rises to that of the suspending medium whereupon impregnation of the silicaceous particles with elemental metal and/or metal oxide is complete. The mixture is cooled, the beads washed, air-dried, and recovered. When mixed with toner particles the aforementioned carrier materials experience significantly reduced toner impaction levels.

Abstract: Electrostatographic carrier materials having low bulk densities and high magnetic permeabilities are obtained by impregnating low density porous silicaceous particles with a magnetic or magnetically-attractable transition metal or metal oxide thereof. The low density magnetic composite carrier particles are prepared by the thermal decomposition of transition metal carbonyls in the presence of the silicaceous particles with a suitable suspending medium. Air and moisture are excluded from the reaction vessel and the contents are heated with agitation so that the carbonyl boils and the mixture is refluxed until the temperature rises to that of the suspending medium whereupon impregnation of the silicaceous particles with elemental metal and/or metal oxide is complete. The mixture is cooled, the beads washed, air-dried, and recovered. When mixed with toner particles the aforementioned carrier materials experience significantly reduced toner impaction levels.