Abstract: Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.

Abstract: Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.

Abstract: Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.

Abstract: Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid are disclosed. Such devices, systems and methods may include a cylindrically shaped, water-immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic fields that are effective to treat unwanted materials, such as scale, and microbes in the water.

Abstract: The system controls one or more VCRs to perform various operations including rapid and accurate tape repositioning from any point to any other point utilizing time codes and VCR performance data. They system includes the ability to encode, record, and reproduce a video signal with time codes and other information such as text commentary, directories to the tape content and VCR commands. Tapes prepared on any implementation of the system can be positioned on any other implementation except that the copying process must translate as appropriate between different signal formats (NTSC, PAL, SECAM), tape formats (VHS, Video 8, etc.) and encoding systems. The system includes a method for characterizing the tape transport performance of individual VCRs in the various tape transport modes including fast forward and rewind and during transitions between transport modes.