Abstract: A method wherein waste cellulosic material is used as an alternative fiber source during chemical pulping to replace a fraction of the wood chips. The waste cellulosic material is fed to the digester along with wood chips. The waste cellulosic material need not be repulped or slurried prior to digestion. The wood chips may be any species of hardwood or softwood. Normal chemical pulping charges, temperatures and cooking times applied in the case of 100% wood chip pulping may be used for the co-pulping of waste cellulosic material and wood chips. Thereafter, the pulp is processed as usual for chemical pulping, including the steps of blowing the digester, washing and thickening the brown stock, and bleaching the brown stock under the normal conditions used for the component co-pulped with the waste cellulosic material. Further screening or cleaning steps may be required to remove debris from waste cellulosic material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for improving the brightness level of aluminum hydroxide removed from a caustic solution. The method comprises:(a) pre-filtering the solution to remove contaminants therefrom; and (b) contacting the filtered solution with an adsorbent consisting essentially of a calcined compound having the formula: A.sub.w B.sub.x (OH).sub.y C.sub.z.nH.sub.2 O wherein A represents a divalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of: Mg.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Ca.sub.2+ and Zn.sup.2+ ; B represents a trivalent metal cation selected from the group consisting of: Al.sup.3+, Fe.sup.3+ and Cu.sup.3+ ; C represents a mono- to tetravalent anion selected from the group consisting of: OH.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.- CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-, C.sub.2 O.sub.4.sup.2-, CO.sub.3.sup.2-, SO.sub.4.sup.2-, PO.sub.4.sup.3-, Fe(CN).sub.6.sup.3- and Fe(CN).sub.6.sup.4- ; and w, x, y, z and n satisfy the following: 0<z.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.w.ltoreq. 1/2 y and 12.gtoreq.n.gtoreq.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bicyclo ether derivatives, to compositions containing them, and to their method of use especially to control the growth of undesired vegetation in rice.

Abstract: Ethynylbenzothiophene compounds of the following formula are effective as pesticides. ##STR1## wherein R is selected from ##STR2## R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, and phenylethynyl;R.sup.2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkylthio, lower haloalkenyl, haloalkenylthio, phenyl lower alkenyl, formyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy lower alkenyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkenyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl, and methylthien-2-yl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, lower trialkylsilyl, lower haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, methylthien-2-yl, 2-thienyl, and benzothien-2-yl;R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower alkoxy, lower haloalkylthio, lower alkoxycarbonyl, amino, and alkylcarbonylamino; andR.sup.5 is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl and lower haloalkyl.

Abstract: Bithienyl compounds of the following structural formula are phototoxic insecticides and acaricides: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, haloalkenoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, and alkylthio provided R.sub.4 is other than hydrogen;R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and halogen, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 at adjacent positions are joined to form C.sub.4 H.sub.4 ;R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, thienyl, and phenyl optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, or 1-2 halogen; andR.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkenylthio, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, dialkylphosphono, and nitro.

Abstract: Pesticidal 5-ethynyl substituted thizoles, compositions thereof and use thereof as insecticides and miticides are disclosed and exemplified.

Abstract: Thiophene derivatives of the following formula are effective as acaricdies: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from -phenylthienyl and -phenyl optionally carrying one or more substitutents selected from -lower alkyl, -lower alkoxy, -phenoxy, -hydroxy, -halogen, -lower haloalkyl, -phenylcarbonyl, -lower alkyl carbonyloxy, -lower alkyl sulfonyl, -lower alkyl sulfonyloxy, -amino, -lowr alkyl carboxamido, and -lower haloalkyl carboxamido;R.sub.4 is selected from -hydrogen and -lower alkyl; andR.sub.5 is selected from -thienyl optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from -lower alkyl, -phenylethynyl, -lower alkylthio, -lower haloalkyl carbonyl, and lower alkyl sulfoxy; or -phenyl optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from -lower alkyl and -lower alkoxy.

Abstract: Dithiacycloalkenyl phosphoric esters of the following formula are effective for the control of soil and foliar insects, acarids and nematodes: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl;R.sub.2 is lower alkoxy or lower alkylthio;R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl;R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;Z is oxygen or sulfur;x is 0 or 1;y is 0, 1 or 2; andn is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: Acaricidal aryl arylthien-2-yl ethenes of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each an optionally substituted phenyl or thienyl group are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Oxazole and thiazole compounds of the following formula are photodynamic insecticides and acaricides as well as nematicides: ##STR1## wherein W is selected from O and S;R.sub.2 is selected from optionally substituted thienyl and optionally substituted phenyl;R.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, thienyl, tri(lower alkyl)silyl, and optionally substituted phenyl;R.sub.5 is selected from optionally substituted thienyl and optionally substituted phenyl;at least one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.5 is an optionally substituted thienyl group, and R.sup.4 is other than hydrogen when R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each unsubstituted phenyl or thienyl.

Abstract: Pesticidal 2- or 5-ethenyl substituted thiazoles, compositions thereof and use thereof as insecticides and miticides are disclosed and exemplified.

Abstract: Thiophene derivatives of the following formula are effective as acaricides: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.A is selected from -hydrogen, -halogen, -lower alkyl, hydroxy, -lower alkoxy, -lower alkylthio, -lower alkoxyalkoxy, -lower alkoxycarbonyl, -aryloxycarbonyl, -lower alkoxycarbonyloxy, -lower alkylsulfonyl, -lower alkylsulfonyloxy, -arylsulfonyloxy, and -lower alkyl phosphonyloxy;R.sub.B is -hydrogen, or R.sub.A and R.sub.B together are --C.sub.4 H.sub.4 --bridging 2'-3' or 3'-4';R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from -hydrogen, -lower alkyl, and -aryl;X is -halogen; andY is selected from -hydrogen and -halogen.

Abstract: Insecticidal compounds of the formula ##STR1## formulations thereof, their use for control of foliar or soil-borne insects, their method of preparation and certain novel intermediates for their preparation are disclosed and exemplified.

Abstract: Bithienyl compounds of the following structural formula are phototoxic insecticides and acaricides: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and halogen;R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, and thienyl; andR.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, and haloalkyl.

Abstract: Difluoroethenylcyclopropanecarboxylates of the formula ##STR1## in which R is a selected biphenylmethyl, bridged biphenylmethyl or 4-phenyl-2-indanyl group, having a high level of activity against acarids are disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method is set out for converting a reactant having a reactant core portion, 5,7-androstadiene-1.alpha.,3.beta.-diol, into a product having a product core portion, 9,10-seco-5(10),6,8-androstatriene-1.alpha.,3.beta.-diol. The core portions have a group, R, attached at the 17 position wherein R is any group which does not significantly effect the absorption characteristics of the reactant core portion in a range from about 280 nm to about 310 nm. The reaction is carried out by irradiating the reactant with radiation restricted substantially solely to be in the range from about 280 nm to about 310 nm. The improvement of the invention comprises maintaining the temperature of the reactant, during the irradiating, below about 0.degree. C. and controlling the total doses of radiation to be such that (1) undesirable byproducts are not produced in an amount of more than about 15% and (2) at least about 60% of the product is produced based upon the quantity of the reactant consumed.

Abstract: Press dried paper sheets from certain ozonated high yield pulps are disclosed. Such sheets show substantially improved strength over comparable sheets prepared from non-ozonated pulps and over non-press dried sheets from ozonated pulps.

Abstract: A chlorine-free bleaching process for lignocellulosic pulp characterized by a series of bleaching stages comprising in sequence a peroxide bleaching stage, the peroxide being selected from the group consisting of alkaline hydrogen peroxide, acidic hydrogen peroxide, and peroxy acid and at least one ozone bleaching stage and in one embodiment the sequence including an initial oxygen bleaching stage before the peroxide bleaching stage. In continuous operation the effluent from each of these sequential stages provides the preferred wash for the preceding washing step and the diluent for the preceding bleaching stage, the final effluent being recyclable for effective closed cycle operation.

Abstract: A process for the delignification and bleaching of a lignocellulosic pulp slurry, having a consistency between about 1% and 10%, by weight of oven-dried pulp, and a pH between about 1 and 7, while at a temperature between about 0.degree. C. and 70.degree. C., with a gaseous mixture selected from the group consisting of ozone/oxygen, ozone/air, and a mixture thereof. The ozone containing gaseous mixture, which has an ozone concentration of from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of oxygen or air, is bubbled into the pulp slurry, while agitating the pulp slurry at a rate of about 0.01 to 5.0 horsepower-days per ton of pulp.

Abstract: Cellulose pulp, in the form of an alkaline, dilute aqueous slurry, is continuously bleached and delignified by oxygen dissolved and intimately dispersed and subdivided into the slurry so that no agglomerated bubbles are formed. The alkaline, dilute slurry is prepared by adding not more than about 2/3 of an oxygenated, alkaline solution to the undiluted pulp entering the system, subjecting the resulting partially diluted alkaline pulp slurry to an elevated temperature and pressure, then further diluting said partially diluted alkaline pulp slurry with the remainder of oxygenated alkaline solution.