Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a substantially uniform substrate including a first material and including a first surface, a first contact over the first surface and proximate to a first side of the substrate, and a second contact over the first surface and proximate to a second side of the substrate. The second side is opposite the first side. The second contact is spaced from the first contact by a first distance. The first contact includes a second material different from the first material. The second contact includes the second material. Upon application of a voltage between the first contact and the second contact, a measurable current propagates through a substantial portion of the substrate.

Abstract: A blood gas concentration sensor includes a first housing at least partially defining a first chamber containing a first electrolyte, a first electrode in the first chamber, and a second electrode in the first chamber and substantially parallel to the first electrode. The first housing includes a gas permeable material. The first electrode includes sides and an end. The sides of the first electrode are surrounded by a first insulating layer. The end of the first electrode is in contact with the first electrolyte. The end of the first electrode is not in contact with the first housing. The first electrode includes a first metal. The second electrode includes a second metal. A potential difference between the first metal and the second metal is at least about 0.5 volts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for continuously measuring a physiologic parameter of a patient, and can also include adjusting therapy based upon the physiologic parameter. The system can include a first probe having an elongate body, the probe configured to be inserted into a first location within a patient. At least one sensor can be operably connected to the first probe and configured to continuously provide real-time feedback information on one or more physiologic parameters at the first location within the patient, such as pH, pCO2, pO2, pressure, or temperature. A controller can be connected to the probe and configured to receive the real-time feedback information and to adjust a therapeutic setting on a therapeutic device based at least in part on the feedback information.