Abstract: A power semiconductor device is proposed. The power semiconductor device includes a semiconductor body and a wiring area over a first surface of the semiconductor body. The power semiconductor device further includes a bipolar power semiconductor element including a first load electrode in the wiring area, an active area in the semiconductor body, and a second load electrode at a second surface of the semiconductor body. The power semiconductor device further includes a current sensing element including a pn or pin junction. The power semiconductor device further includes an optical window configured to allow electromagnetic radiation caused by an on-current of the bipolar power semiconductor element to pass to the current sensing element.

Abstract: A centrifuge, specifically a sugar centrifuge for the continuous centrifuging of highly viscous fillmasses, has a separating sieve conically widening upwardly to the outlet and an accelerating pot having no holes, which reduces downwardly and is connected to the smallest diameter of the sieve. The fillmass is supplied to one pot from a so-called harrow slide through a delivery pipe. The fillmass within the accelerating pot is diverted once or several times by suitable means in such manner that it is delivered screen-like to the wall of the pot and is guided from one diverting point to another and within its screen-like formation is penetrated by regulatable amounts of water and/or steam. The total amount of water and/or steam supplied to the fillmass as well as their temperature suffice to decrease the viscosity of the fillmass to the desired amount.