Abstract: A method of improving flowability of adipic acid includes adding to the adipic acid at a relatively low temperature a flowability improving agent, such as an acyclic saturated monobasic acid containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms or an acyclic saturated dibasic acid containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of improving flowability of adipic acid includes adding to the adipic acid at a relatively low temperature a flowability improving agent, such as an acyclic saturated monobasic acid containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms or an acyclic saturated dibasic acid containing 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The refrigeration system disclosed herein provides separate chilling and freezing compartments and operates in alternate phases. In the first phase, an evaporator which controls chilling compartment temperature also absorbs heat from a thermal mass through the change of phase of a liquid to a solid. In the second phase, this evaporator becomes a condenser for the operation of a second evaporator associated with the freezer component. During this second phase, the heat transfer is reversed, the fusion energy of the first phase is recaptured as melting energy in the second. Accordingly, heat is transferred from the second evaporator to the mass over a temperature differential which is less than that existing between the second evaporator and the environment.

Abstract: The invention is to friction rolls for working elongate members, e.g., webs or strands, such as crimper rolls, draw rolls, yarn package drive rolls comprising a roll having a generally cylindrical external surface and a ceramic, e.g., alumina, mixtures of alumina and titania, chromia, zirconia, or metallic carbide, e.g., tungsten carbide, coating bonded to the external surface, the coating being laser-engraved, that is, having a plurality of laser-formed depressions having a pattern covering substantially the entire exterior working surface of the roll and providing a uniform, wear-resistant surface texture over substantially the entire working surface.

Abstract: A stunning gun in which a captive bolt is extended by an explosive cartridge detonated by a trigger controlled firing pin. The trigger is a push button device having a rounded surface and a shape and construction to avoid catching the finger of the gun operator. A piston on the trailing end of the bolt has a cupped recess in its end face to concentrate the explosive driving force and prevent it from spreading unduly to erode the firing chamber. A retaining collar acted on by a spring holds the bolt in its retracted position and releases the bolt when the gun is fired. A pull which is gripped to pull the firing pin to its cocked position is spring loaded to absorb forces applied to the end of the firing pin.

Abstract: A wood-type solid fuel fired water heater of modular construction includes a radiation heat transfer section or module in the form of a first annular or cylindrical side wall of refractory material. A water circulating first coil is embedded in the inner surface of the first annular side wall or cylinder to provide a partial water wall or water jacket in the refractory material. The first annular side wall defines the combustion chamber and locus of combustion for direct radiant heating of water in the first coil. The convection heat transfer section or module is formed by a second annular side wall or cylinder of refractory material positioned above the first annular side wall. A second coil for water circulation is mounted inside the second annular side wall but spaced from the inner surface for circulation of hot flue gas around the second coil for convection heating of water in the second coil.

Abstract: A new and improved stove or furnace for efficient combustion of wood fuel including a vertical feed combustion chamber for receiving and supporting wood fuel in a vertical attitude or stack, a major upper portion of the combustion chamber column comprising a water jacket for coupling to a source of water or heat transfer fluid and for convection circulation of the fluid for confining the locus of wood fuel combustion to the bottom of the vertical gravity feed combustion chamber. A flue gas propagation delay channel extending from the laterally directed draft outlet affords delayed travel time in a high temperature environment to assure substantially complete combustion of the gaseous products of wood burning with forced air as an actively induced draft draws the fuel gas and air mixture laterally through the combustion and high temperature zone.

Abstract: A battery system (10,110) wherein an electrolyte solution of lithium hydroxide dissolved in seawater is circulated through a battery cartridge (11,111). The system is placed under pressure. A portion of the electrolyte mixture is discharged from the system through a suitable pressure regulating valve (20) while concurrently, fresh seawater is delivered into the system as by a pressurizing pump (17). The increased pressure acts to increase the density of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas liquid mixture, reduce the volume of the gaseous portion of the ejected gas-liquid mixture, thereby reducing the total volume of the ejected mixture, and reduce the ratio of gas volume to liquid volume in the system as well as the ejected gas-liquid mixture.

Abstract: A solid fuel burning hot water heater is described having a primary combustion chamber with a refractory material base portion which forms the locus of combustion. A water jacket defines an upright portion over the refractory base portion for receiving a charge of fuel in a generally vertical stack. The water jacket is coupled to a source of water for at least convection circulation and assists in confining the locus of solid fuel combustion to the base of the chamber. Heat exchange channels or pathways are defined around the outer periphery of the water jacket in heat exchange relationship with the water jacket for transfer of heat from the end products of combustion to the circulating water. A flue gas delay channel arrangement extends from the draft outlet at the base of the combustion chamber to the heat exchange pathways.

Abstract: A wood furnace permits controlled combustion of sectors or segments of wood-type fuels for a high turn down ratio. The primary combustion chamber comprises a refractory base portion for high temperature combustion and an upper portion with a water jacket in heat exchange relationship with the upper portions of the fuel for quenching combustion. A plurality of refractory secondary combustion channels or a single laterally extending or distributed secondary channel leads away from the refractory base portion of the primary combustion chamber. The secondary channels or distributed channel conduct flue gases from different sectors of the fuel, and permit completion of combustion in a high temperature environment. A plurality of flue draft pathways lead from the secondary combustion channels or distributed channel for transfer of heat from the end products of combustion to a heat transfer medium. Separate dampers are provided for controlling the draft in the separate flue draft heat exchange pathways.

Abstract: A stove or furnace for efficient combustion of wood fuel includes a vertical feed combustion chamber (15) for receiving and supporting wood fuel in a vertical attitude or stack. A major upper portion of the combustion chamber column comprises a water jacket (14) for coupling to a source of water or heat transfer fluid for convection circulation of the fluid. The locus (31) of wood fuel combustion is thereby confined to the refractory base of the combustion chamber. A flue gas propagation delay channel (34) extending laterally from the base of the chamber affords delayed travel time in a high temperature refractory environment sufficient to assure substantially complete combustion of the gaseous products of wood burning with forced air prior to extraction of heat in heat exchanger (16). Induced draft draws the fuel gas and air mixture laterally through the combustion chamber and refractory high temperature zone to the heat exchanger and flue.