Abstract: A variable flow control nozzle has a head, a tube, and a valve. The head disposes adjacent an opening and has a screen for passage of fluid flow into and out of the head's interior. The tube extends from the head through the opening and secures the head thereto. A tube passage communicates the interior of the head with the other side of the opening. The valve disposed in the passage has a first condition permitting first fluid flow from the passage to the interior of the head and has a second condition permitting second fluid flow from the interior to the passage. The second fluid flow may be greater than the first fluid flow. The tube can have first and second tube members with different internal diameters, and the valve can use a ball movable between positions in the tube members.

Abstract: Passive solar wire screens mount vertically on an edifice. The screens have rods vertically arranged parallel to one another and have wires horizontally arranged parallel to one another. The wires attach to the rods and have first surfaces facing away from the edifice in an upward direction from vertical. The wires also have second surfaces facing toward the edifice in a downward direction from vertical. When the sun has a summer elevation on the horizon, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto away from the wire screens. When the sun has a winter elevation on the horizon, however, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto toward the second surfaces, which in turn passively reflect the solar energy toward the edifice. A concave surface on the wires can also reflect thermal energy back to the edifice.

Abstract: Passive solar wire screens mount vertically on an edifice. The screens have rods vertically arranged parallel to one another and have wires horizontally arranged parallel to one another. The wires attach to the rods and have first surfaces facing away from the edifice in an upward direction from vertical. The wires also have second surfaces facing toward the edifice in a downward direction from vertical. When the sun has a summer elevation on the horizon, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto away from the wire screens. When the sun has a winter elevation on the horizon, however, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto toward the second surfaces, which in turn passively reflect the solar energy toward the edifice. A concave surface on the wires can also reflect thermal energy back to the edifice.

Abstract: A variable flow control nozzle has a head, a tube, and a valve. The head disposes adjacent an opening and has a screen for passage of fluid flow into and out of the head's interior. The tube extends from the head through the opening and secures the head thereto. A tube passage communicates the interior of the head with the other side of the opening. The valve disposed in the passage has a first condition permitting first fluid flow from the passage to the interior of the head and has a second condition permitting second fluid flow from the interior to the passage. The second fluid flow may be greater than the first fluid flow. The tube can have first and second tube members with different internal diameters, and the valve can use a ball movable between positions in the tube members.

Abstract: Passive solar wire screens mount vertically on an edifice. The screens have rods vertically arranged parallel to one another and have wires horizontally arranged parallel to one another. The wires attach to the rods and have first surfaces facing away from the edifice in an upward direction from vertical. The wires also have second surfaces facing toward the edifice in a downward direction from vertical. When the sun has a summer elevation on the horizon, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto away from the wire screens. When the sun has a winter elevation on the horizon, however, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto toward the second surfaces, which in turn passively reflect the solar energy toward the edifice. A concave surface on the wires can also reflect thermal energy back to the edifice.

Abstract: Passive solar wire screens mount vertically on an edifice. The screens have rods vertically arranged parallel to one another and have wires horizontally arranged parallel to one another. The wires attach to the rods and have first surfaces facing away from the edifice in an upward direction from vertical. The wires also have second surfaces facing toward the edifice in a downward direction from vertical. When the sun has a summer elevation on the horizon, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto away from the wire screens. When the sun has a winter elevation on the horizon, however, the first surfaces passively reflect solar energy incident thereto toward the second surfaces, which in turn passively reflect the solar energy toward the edifice. A concave surface on the wires can also reflect thermal energy back to the edifice.

Abstract: A submerged intake filter assembly comprising a cylindrical screen, a first end plate, a second end plate, a primary flow modifier pipe, and a plurality of secondary flow modifier pipes. The primary flow modifier pipe is eccentric with the cylindrical screen at the first end plate. The secondary flow modifier pipes are positioned to lie in an annular space between the primary flow modifier pipe and the cylindrical screen.

Abstract: A plastic screen panel is manufactured in two parts. A screen surface is formed to include a plurality of spaced-apart, parallel filter members and a series of top ribs molded over the filter members to maintain the spacing of the filter members. The screen surface is coupled to a support assembly having a series of bottom ribs, which also support and maintain the spacing of the filter members.

Abstract: A submerged intake filter assembly comprising a cylindrical screen, a first end plate, a second end plate, a primary flow modifier pipe, and a plurality of secondary flow modifier pipes. The primary flow modifier pipe is eccentric with the cylindrical screen at the first end plate. The secondary flow modifier pipes are positioned to lie in an annular space between the primary flow modifier pipe and the cylindrical screen.

Abstract: Improved flow modifier assembly for a water intake system having a cylindrical intake screen prevents damage to fish and other aquatic organisms by providing a controlled velocity profile which causes the average flow velocity to closely approach the peak flow velocity. By extending two or more concentric tubular flow modifiers into one end of the screen, it is possible to achieve flow uniformities of more than 90%, as compared to a maximum of about 72% for a prior art configuration utilizing a single tube flow modifier. In addition, the size, weight and cost of screen required can be greatly reduced for a given peak flow velocity as compared to prior art devices.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating water includes a vertically extending contact vessel, wherein water is contacted with ozone, and a return vessel which contains a column of water of a sufficient height to drive water through downstream solids separation stages. Ozone is removed from the water and the rate of ozone injection is monitored and automatically adjusted so that no great amount of ozone remains in water entering the solids separation stages. The ozone is generated in elongated elements that are cooled by the process water and that are positioned to serve as a static mixer for such water.

Abstract: Lateral member assembly for use in an underdrain lateral distribution system is made of plastics but is as capable as much heavier and more costly prior art metallic assemblies in supporting a bed of filter media which must be periodically backwashed with liquid and gas. Complementary elements, including a rigid extruded floor plate member having longitudinally extending side edge channels, and an overlying screen member having flange portions adapted to be retained by undercut recesses in the side edge channels, are adapted to be assembled to each other to form hollow lateral assemblies. In a preferred embodiment, the screen member is telescopically assembled to the floor plate member to cause the screen flange portions to interlock with the recesses in the side edge channels. The resulting assembly is sealed against leakage where the members are interlocked by a pair of flexible, integral plastic sealing strips which are co-extruded with the rigid floor plate member.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating water includes a vertically extending contact vessel, wherein water is contacted with ozone, and a return vessel which contains a column of water of a sufficient height to drive water through downstream filtering stages. Ozone is removed from the water and the rate of ozone injection is monitored and automatically adjusted so that no great amount of ozone remains in water entering the filtering stages. The ozone is generated in elongated elements that are cooled by the process water and that are positioned to serve as a static mixer for such water.

Abstract: Underdrain lateral system, which is especially adapted for use in a gravity filter bed, includes, as its preferred embodiment, scallop-shaped laterals having an upper, wrapped wire, slotted screen surface. The screen surface supports and retains the filter media particles directly, without the necessity of an underlying gravel layer, and is itself supported by channel-shaped rod members which are welded to the wires. The web portions of the channel rods perform the function of simultaneously distributing air and water during backwashing, and include small apertures in upper channels and larger apertures in lower channels to cause a plenum to be formed inside the laterals which ensures that the distribution of air and water will be uniform throughout the lateral, even if the lateral is not perfectly level.

Abstract: An underdrain assembly for a bed of filter media includes a plurality of elongated screen lateral elements which each have a generally flat bottom surface and a convexly curved upper surface which has flow openings therein. The lateral elements each have a width substantially greater than their height and include a means defining a generally tubular-shaped surface positioned internally thereof. The generally tubular-shaped surface includes flow distribution openings which have a total open area less than the total area of the flow openings in the curved upper surfaces of the lateral elements. In various embodiments, the generally tubular-shaped surfaces are shown as comprising a single tube, a plurality of tubes, and a tube defined by the portions of a plurality of adjacent channel-shaped members whose leg portions support the curved upper surface of the screen lateral elements.

Abstract: An elongated screen assembly, which in various forms, is useful as a scallop in a reactor, or as an underdrain for a gravity filter system, has a cross-section in a direction normal to its axis which is at least twice as wide as it is high. A method is also disclosed for manufacturing the screen assembly by pressing the opposed sides of a wrapped wire cylindrical screen assembly between a pair of plates which have radii of curvature which are different from each other and greater than the radius of curvature of the cylindrical screen assembly.