Abstract: A system and method for uniformity correction is provided. The system includes a plurality of winged correction elements inserted into the illumination field in a defined configuration. Adjacent winged correction elements are overlapped to minimize induced uniformity ripple. Each winged correction element has a first protrusion on a longitudinal edge of the correction element and a second protrusion on the opposite longitudinal edge. The slope of a sloped edge of the first protrusion and the slope of a sloped edge of the second protrusion are tied to the slope of a gradient in the non-uniformity profile of the illumination field. In addition, the angles defined by the flat tip of the correction element and the sloped edge of the first and second protrusions are tied to the angle of a gradient of the illumination field.

Abstract: Disclosed are environmentally benign crop protection compounds that interfere with the attachment of a broad range of plant pathogens to plant cells surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and materials that reduce the accumulation of microorganisms a surface, by interfering with the attachment of the organisms to the surface. The compounds and materials are thus useful in preventing the formation of biofilms on surfaces in health-related environments. By preventing the formation of biofilms, the compounds formulated according to the present invention can be used in the fabrication of grafts, implants, medical devices in order to prevent infection thereof. The compounds formulated according to the present invention display an additional anticoagulant property, permitting their use in settings where decrease in blood coagulability is desirable.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved compounds for preventing biofilm formation and preventing biofouling of surfaces. By interfering with the attachment of the organisms to surfaces, the instant claimed compounds have broad inhibitory activity. In addition, the compounds are biodegradable into environmentally safe compounds.

Abstract: p-Sulfoxy cinnamic acid isolated from methanolic extracts of the eelgrass Zostera marina having significant antifouling aquatic properties. p-Sulfoxy cinnamic acid was synthesized in the laboratory from p-coumaric acid, and antifouling activity was identical to the natural compound in laboratory bioassays. In addition, sulfate esters of other phenolic acids showed similar antifouling activity, suggesting that the sulfate ester was responsible for the antifouling effect.

Abstract: p-sulfoxy cinnamic acid isolated from methanolic extracts of the eelgrass Zostera marina having significant antifouling aquatic properties. p-sulfoxy cinnamic acid was synthesized in the laboratory from p-coumaric acid, and antifouling activity was identical to the natural compound in laboratory bioassays. In addition, sulfate esters of other phenolic acids showed similar antifouling activity, suggesting that the sulfate ester was responsible for the antifouling effect.