Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of carbon sequestration using microorganisms, such as soil microorganisms, capable of synthesizing or consuming degradation-resistant L-carbohydrates. In particular, methods of identifying and using microorganisms capable of synthesizing L-carbohydrates are provided, wherein microorganisms that synthesize L-carbohydrates are contacted with a soil source to sequester carbon. Also provided are methods of identifying and incorporating biomolecules such as genes, peptides, and enzymes relevant for L-carbohydrate anabolism or catabolism into plants so the plants synthesize L-carbohydrates or do not consume L-carbohydrates, thereby sequestering carbon.