Abstract: A transducer array, tumor treating field system, and method are herein disclosed. The transducer array comprises an electrode and a transfer member. The electrode has a first surface on a first skin-facing side and a second surface on an opposing outwardly-facing second side. The transfer member has a first surface on a first skin-facing side, and a second surface on an opposing outwardly-facing second side. The transfer member is located on the first skin-facing side of the electrode and has at least one protrusion extending in a skin-facing direction from the first surface and is configured to pierce a patient at a target area. The at least one protrusion has a base portion and an end portion.

Abstract: A conductive gel composition for use with a TTField-generating system is disclosed. Also disclosed are kits containing the gel composition and methods of producing and using the gel composition. The composition includes a semi-solid conductive gel for application to a patient's skin and for placement between the patient's skin and at least one transducer array that generates an alternating electric field having a frequency in a range of from about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz, wherein the conductive gel comprises a free salt present at a concentration in a range of from about 0.1 mM to about 1 M.

Abstract: The paths that alternating electric fields take through a body part can be controlled by providing at least eight electrically isolated signal generators, each of which is configured to apply electrical signals between a respective electrode element on one side of the target region and a respective electrode element on the opposite side of the target region. This replaces the prior art's single wide-cross-section electric field with eight independently controllable electric fields, each of which has a relatively narrow cross-section. Using these relatively narrow cross-section fields, either alone or in combination, can improve aiming of the electric field, which can in turn increase the field strength in the target region. Optionally, activation of these relatively narrow cross-section fields can be shifted in time to achieve steering of the overall electric field.

Abstract: A method of preparing a stable lanthanide complex substantially free of metastable lanthanide complex and free lanthanide ion includes the steps of (i) complexing a macrocyclic chelator with a lanthanide metal in a suitable solvent to obtain a first solution of the metal complex, (ii) challenging the metal complex to cause metastable complexes to form free lanthanide ion and chelate to yield a second solution, and (iii) removing the free lanthanide ion from the second solution with a separation media.

Abstract: A transducer array, tumor treating field system, and method are herein disclosed. The tumor treating field system comprises an electric field generator configured to generate a first electrical signal having an alternating current waveform at a frequency in a range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz; a transmitter circuitry electrically coupled to the electric field generator and operable to receive the first electrical signal and transmit a wireless signal; a receiver circuitry operable to receive the wireless signal and output a second electrical signal having the alternating current waveform; a first transducer array electrically coupled to the receiver circuitry; and a second transducer array electrically coupled to the receiver circuitry. The first transducer array and the second transducer array are configured to generate an alternating electric field based on the alternating current waveform of the second electrical signal received from the receiver circuitry.

Abstract: A transducer array, an electronic apparatus, and a method are described. The transducer array comprises an electrode assembly including an electrode layer and a non-hydrogel skin-interface material. The electrode layer comprising one or more electrode. The non-hydrogel skin-interface material is for placement between a surface of the electrode layer and a patient's skin, the non-hydrogel skin-interface material being configured to contact the patient's skin and to conform to contours and/or irregularities of the patient's skin. The method includes applying a non-hydrogel skin-interface material to a patient's skin. The non-hydrogel skin-interface material is configured to contact the patient's skin and to conform to contours and/or irregularities of the patient's skin. An electrode assembly is then applied to a surface of the non-hydrogel skin-interface material.

Abstract: A system for generating a TTField is herein described. The system comprises a generator configured to generate an electrical signal; a first lead coupled to the generator and a first conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; the first conductive pad having a first electrode element electrically coupled to a first conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the first conductive gel element; a second lead coupled to the generator and a second conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; and the second conductive pad having the second electrode element electrically coupled to a second conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the second conductive gel element, wherein the first conductive gel element and the second conductive gel element are each configured to be in contact with a patient's skin and each supporting a shaping member adjacent to one or more air channel.

Abstract: A composition and method of use is herein disclosed. The composition comprises a semi-solid conductive gel for application to a patient's skin and for placement between the patient's skin and at least one insulated electrode; and at least one bulk electron transport agent disposed upon at least a portion of a surface of the semi-solid conductive gel and/or disposed within at least a portion of the semi-solid conductive gel, wherein the bulk electron transport agent is selected from the group consisting of an ionic compound, a metal, a non-metal, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A system for generating a TTField utilizing at least one conductive pad is herein described. The system comprises a generator configured to generate an electrical signal; a first lead coupled to the generator and a first conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; the first conductive pad having a first electrode element electrically coupled to a first conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the first conductive gel element; a second lead coupled to the generator and a second conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; and the second conductive pad having the second electrode element electrically coupled to a second conductive gel element to supply electrical current to the second conductive gel element, wherein the first conductive gel element and the second conductive gel element are each configured to be in contact with a patient's skin and each have one or more air channel.

Abstract: A system for generating a TTField utilizing at least one conductive pad is herein described. The system comprises a generator configured to generate an electrical signal; a first lead coupled to the generator and a first conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; the first conductive pad has a first electrode element comprising a first conductive fabric to supply electrical current to a patient; a second lead coupled to the generator and a second conductive pad and configured to carry the electrical signal; and the second conductive pad having a second electrode element comprising a second conductive fabric to supply electrical current to the patient.

Abstract: A conductive pad is described. The conductive pad includes a topcoat layer, an electrode element, and a conductive gel element. The topcoat layer is constructed of a non-conductive material. The electrode element has a first side and a second side, the second side connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is connected to the first side of the electrode element and electrically coupled to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element, the conductive gel element being in the form of at least one line and operable to be in contact with a patient's skin at specific locations and operable to flex with movement of the patient without substantially moving from the specific location.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is directly connected to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element. The conductive gel element is configured to be in contact with a patient's skin. The electrode element and the conductive gel element define kirigami-like cuts, the kirigrami-like cuts being a predetermined pattern of cuts resulting in the electrode element, the flexible polymer layer, and the conductive gel element forming a three-dimensional shape conforming to a predetermined portion of a patient's body.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The electrode element includes an electrode layer and a non-conductive flexible polymer layer. The non-conductive flexible polymer layer is positioned between the electrode layer and the conductive gel element to electrically isolate the electrode layer from the conductive gel element.

Abstract: An assembly for use in a TTField-generating system is herein disclosed. The assembly comprises at least one electrode and a foamed conductive hydrogel for placement between the at least one electrode and a patient's skin. The foamed conductive hydrogel has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface of the foamed conductive hydrogel is connected to the at least one electrode. The second surface of the foamed conductive hydrogel is for application to the patient's skin. The foamed conductive hydrogel is polymerized. A method is also disclosed in which two or more electrode arrays are applied to a skin of a patient, and a foamed conductive hydrogel is applied to the patient's skin so as to adhere the electrode arrays to the skin of the patient.

Abstract: A conductive gel composition for use with a TTField-generating system is disclosed. Also disclosed are kits containing the gel composition and methods of producing and using the gel composition. The composition includes a semi-solid conductive gel for application to a patient's skin and for placement between the patient's skin and at least one transducer array that generates an alternating electric field having a frequency in a range of from about 50 kHz to about 500 kHz, wherein the conductive gel comprises a free salt present at a concentration in a range of from about 0.1 mM to about 1 M.

Abstract: A pad having a topcoat layer, an electrode element and a conductive gel element are described. The electrode element is connected to the topcoat layer, and configured to receive an electrical signal from a generator producing an electric signal as a TTField. The conductive gel element is directly connected to the electrode element so as to receive an electrical current from the electrode element. The conductive gel element is configured to be in contact with a patient's skin. The electrode element and the conductive gel element define at least one perforation extending through the electrode element and the conductive gel element.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) may be applied to a person's body using six different types of electrodes. More specifically, the electrodes may be shaped and dimensioned (a) for insertion into blood vessels so that they make contact with the person's blood; (b) for insertion into a central canal of a spinal cord, so that they make contact with the CSF; (c) for insertion into a body orifice at a position that contacts an interior surface of the person's body; (d) for affixation to skin of the person's body (e.g., on the person's head, torso, back, abdomen, etc.); (e) for insertion into a brain ventricle so that they make contact with the person's CSF; or (f) for insertion into lymph vessels so that they make contact with the person's lymph. Applying an AC voltage between any two of these electrodes will create TTFields in respective parts of the person's body.

Abstract: An assembly, a system, and a method of use for an electrode array having a semi-liquid conductive gel are herein disclosed. The assembly comprises at least one electrode; and a semi-liquid hydrogel having a viscosity of between about 8440 and 20000 milli pascals per second, wherein the semi-liquid hydrogel is disposed between a surface of the at least one electrode and a patient's skin.

Abstract: A patient positioning device attachable to a medical table comprising a base configured to overlie the table and underlie the patient, wherein the upper surface of the base faces the patient and the lower surface faces the table. One or more supports are removably attachable to the base to support a body region of the patient. The base can be composed of a foam material with a covering material for removable attachment of the supports. Various shapes, sizes and function of the supports can be used.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for imposing electric fields through a target region in a body of a patient are described. Generally, the apparatus may include an electric field generator having a first circuit generating a first output signal having a positive voltage; a second circuit generating a second output signal having a negative voltage, and a processor executing processor executable instructions to alternatingly enable the first output signal, and the second output signal to a first port and a second port to generate an alternating current square wave in a frequency range from 50 kHz to 1 MHz.