Abstract: The present invention relates to novel phosphorous (V) (P(V)) reagents, methods for preparing thereof, and methods for preparing organophosphorous (V) compounds by using the novel reagents.

Abstract: Antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of black tea leaves for incorporation into foods susceptible to lipid oxidation is increased by treating the extracts with tannase. Incorporation of ascorbic acid with the treated extracts in foods susceptible to lipid oxidation further increases the antioxidant activity.

Abstract: Lipid oxidation in foods is inhibited by incorporating an extract, obtained from black tea leaves having at least 5% by weight of phenol compounds based upon the weight of tea solids in the extract, with a food susceptible to lipid oxidation such that the food contains from 0.005% to 1.5% tea solids by weight based upon the weight of the food. The extracts are obtained by heating an aqueous extract obtained from black tea leaves to a temperature of from 120.degree. C. to 210.degree. C. or by extracting black tea leaves with water at a temperature of from 120.degree. C. to 210.degree. C. Treating the extracts to be incorporated in the food with tannase provides an increase in the antioxidant activity of the extracts.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting formation of N-nitrosamines in a nitrite cured food product wherein an extract formed by the aqueous extraction of black tea leaves at a temperature from 120.degree. C. to 210.degree. C. is incorporated in the food product, the amount of extract being such that the content of tea solids present is from 0.005% to 1.5% by weight based on the weight of food, said extract containing at least 5% by weight of phenol compounds based on the weight of tea solids therein.

Abstract: A composition comprising a food susceptible to lipid oxidation and an extract formed by the aqueous extraction of black tea leaves in a process which includes extraction at a temperature from 120.degree. to 210.degree. C., the amount of extract being such that the content of tea solids present is from 0.005% to 1.5% by weight based on the weight of food.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of a textured protein concentrate which has improved meat-like texture and bland flavor. The basic process utilized includes aqueous solvent extraction of water soluble constituents from protein extrudate containing such constituents, and the present invention provides an improvement in said basic process which comprises utilizing a protein extrudate having a density of between about 85 to 150 grams per liter on a dry weight basis and extraction at pH between about 4.4 and 6.0. Using an aqueous extraction at a pH between about 5.0 and 6.0, the textured protein concentrate has a texture similar to the tender lean portions of beef, pork, poultry or shellfish. Using an aqueous extraction at a pH between about 4.4 and 5.0, the textured protein concentrate has a texture similar to fish.