Abstract: A method for producing iron in an elongated reaction vessel provided with underbath nozzles and top blowing means in which carbonaceous fuels, iron ore and/or prereduced ore are fed to the melt and in which the reaction gases escaping from the melt are afterburned with oxygen-containing gases in one or more stages, the waste gas aperture of the reaction vessel being offset from the reaction zone of the cabonaceous fuels and thus disposed outside the eruption and splashing area, and the waste gas temperature in the waste gas conduit connected to the waste gas aperture being held above the soldifying temperature of the droplets carried along in the waste gas stream, and the waste gas then being cooled to less than 1000.degree. C. in an adjoining chamber.

Abstract: A method for the melt reduction of iron ores, in which iron oxide in the liquid state is substantially reduced and the energy required for the heat balance of the process is generated by adding carbonaceous fuels to the melt and by afterburning the resulting reaction gases, mainly CO and H.sub.2. The reaction gases are afterburned successively two or more times in oxygen-containing gas jets that blow into reaction spaces which are effectively independent of each other.

Abstract: In a process for the production of steel from scrap in a refining vessel having feed nozzles below the surface of the steel bath and top-blowing devices and in which carbonaceous solid fuel and oxygen-containing gases are used as reagents, the same reagents are used to supply heat to the scrap and to the melt in the refining vessel and the resulting gaseous reaction products are after-burned with preheated air.

Abstract: A fluid sprayer apparatus attachable to an aircraft comprising a center section nozzle tube, a pair of detachable extension nozzle tubes connected to said center nozzle tube by quick disconnect fixtures, a manifold tube for supplying spray fluid to said nozzle tubes, said spray nozzle tubes having a plurality of inlet fittings spaced along their lengths and a plurality of pressure operated spray nozzles each removably attached to one of said fittings, said nozzles comprising a body member, a plunger slidably received in said body member with a pressure piston extending into said fitting, said plunger carrying a seal member engagable with the outlet end of said fitting to close said nozzle to fluid flow and a control insert unyieldably holding said seal member in sealing engagement with said inlet fitting when in a first position and yieldably holding said seal member in sealing engagement with said inlet fitting when in a second position whereby said nozzle may be opened to fluid flow by fluid pressure agains