Abstract: A grid anode for cathodic protection of steel reinforced concrete structures formed of multiple valve metal strips including multiple electric current-carrying valve metal strips. Valve metal strip grid anodes without an electrocatalytic metal surface can be used in a cathodic protection system operated at an anode current density up to about 20 milliamps per square foot. Composite anodes having an electrocatalytic metal coating are useful at higher anode current densities.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided which is particularly suitable for the production of oxy-halogen compounds such as sodium chlorate by the electrolysis of an alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride. A removable casing divides the cell into a separate cell chamber and a cooling and concentration chamber outside of said casing; means are provided for the circulation of the electrolytic solution between the cooling and concentration chamber and the cell chamber, but there is a substantial seal against the passage of gas from one to the other. Gas such as hydrogen is separately removed from the interior of the casing, a gas sweep is provided across the surface of the electrolyte in the cooling and concentration chamber to cool the electrolyte and evaporate part of it so as to concentrate it. In accordance with this invention, such can be accomplished without danger of explosion.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell is provided that is particularly suitable for the production of oxy -halogen compounds such as sodium chlorate by electrolysis of an alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride. A cell chamber is provided containing an electrode assembly and is connected for the circulation of electrolytic solution to a cooling and concentrating chamber. Gas communication between the cell chamber and the cooling and concentration chamber is substantially avoided. Gas evolved during the electrolysis is separately removed from the cell chamber and is preferably scrubbed. Gas such as air is swept through the cooling and concentration chamber so as to provide at least part of the cooling requirements for removing the heat generated during the electrolysis and to evaporate, thereby concentrating the electrolytic solution. This takes advantage of the sensible heat of the electrolytic solution for the evaporation of such solution.