Abstract: An image of arbitrary size, location, or orientation in a relatively large planar field of view is quickly recognized by mathematically deriving an abstract ‘K-factor’ from counts of edge and area intercepts. A cluster of pixels first quickly searches for the image. When a candidate is found, the cluster closely scrutinizes an associated region, and derives the K-factor. The factor relates to shape, but is invariant to location, orientation, or size. It is then compared, with ancillary size data if desired, to counterpart library references. A best match is alphanumerically displayed, identifying the image. The invention can locate and identify contraband concealed under clothing without compromising individual privacy.

Abstract: Signatures of entities to be recognized are assumed to be temporal scans of energy. They are converted to digital descriptor sets. Noise disruptions of signals can produce extra descriptors, losses of descriptors, and various deleterious distortions. Unique one-many descriptor matching and resulting descriptor enhancements greatly improve recognitions in hostile environments. Templates derived from entities are group-edited to increase auto-correlation scores (correct recognitions), while decreasing cross-correlation scores (incorrect recognitions). Recognitions become far more robust.

Abstract: Complex atomic or molecular spectral signatures embedded in interfering background spectra are very rapidly recognized by a spectrometric device that employs precise sweep rate control with signal slope extraction. Very fast optics become feasible. High signal to noise ratios are attained in each of three operational modes. The first, PURGE, is frequently invoked and stores an ambient background pattern in differentiated form. The second, TARGET, stores a signature derived from a target substance placed within the invention's sensing range. The signature retains only signal derivatives that significantly depart from those encountered during PURGE. A SEEK mode employs a similar derivative extraction algorithm, and searches for matches to TARGET signatures stored in a memory bank. During SEEK, pattern correlations to stored targets are sensed, and results displayed.