Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite and peptized alumina. The invention comprises adding a yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with the peptized alumina. The yttrium compound can be added to the zeolite via exchange of yttrium onto the zeolite prior to addition of peptized alumina, or the yttrium can be added as a soluble salt during the combination of the zeolite and peptized alumina. In either embodiment, the zeolite catalyst is then formed from the zeolite, yttrium and peptized alumina, optionally containing other inorganic oxide. This invention is suitable for preparing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing an improved catalyst comprising a clay derived zeolite. In particular, the invention comprises combining an yttrium compound with a zeolite produced by treating clay with a silica source and under alkaline conditions. The clay derived zeolite can be further combined with conventional matrix and/or binder precursors to form particulates suitable for use as catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). Alternatively, the clay that is treated with the silica source and alkaline conditions can be in particulate form having sizes suitable for use in FCC, and the zeolite is produced in situ within the particulate. Yttrium compound is then combined with the zeolite in the particulate, e.g., via impregnation. It has been shown that the addition of the yttrium compound improves zeolite surface area retention, and zeolite stability in catalysts comprising clay derived zeolites.

Abstract: A rare earth free, ultra low soda, particulate fluid catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a reduced soda zeolite having fluid catalytic cracking ability under fluid catalytic cracking conditions, a magnesium salt, an inorganic binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst is useful in a fluid catalytic cracking process to provide increased catalytic activity, and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions and processes for cracking hydrocarbons to maximize light olefins production are disclosed. Catalyst compositions comprise at least one zeolite having catalytic cracking activity under catalytic cracking conditions, preferably Y-type zeolite, which zeolite has low amounts of yttrium in specified ratios to rare earth metals exchanged on the zeolite. Catalyst and processes of the invention provide increased yields of light olefins and gasoline olefins during a FCC process as compared to conventional lanthanum containing Y-type zeolite FCC catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite and peptized alumina. The invention comprises adding a yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with the peptized alumina. The yttrium compound can be added to the zeolite via exchange of yttrium onto the zeolite prior to addition of peptized alumina, or the yttrium can be added as a soluble salt during the combination of the zeolite and peptized alumina. In either embodiment, the zeolite catalyst is then formed from the zeolite, yttrium and peptized alumina, optionally containing other inorganic oxide. This invention is suitable for preparing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions and processes for cracking hydrocarbons to maximize light olefins production are disclosed. Catalyst compositions comprise at least one zeolite having catalytic cracking activity under catalytic cracking conditions, preferably Y-type zeolite, which zeolite has low amounts of yttrium in specified ratios to rare earth metals exchanged on the zeolite. Catalyst and processes of the invention provide increased yields of light olefins and gasoline olefins during a FCC process as compared to conventional lanthanum containing Y-type zeolite FCC catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing an improved catalyst comprising a clay derived zeolite. In particular, the invention comprises combining an yttrium compound with a zeolite produced by treating clay with a silica source and under alkaline conditions. The clay derived zeolite can be further combined with conventional matrix and/or binder precursors to form particulates suitable for use as catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). Alternatively, the clay that is treated with the silica source and alkaline conditions can be in particulate form having sizes suitable for use in FCC, and the zeolite is produced in situ within the particulate. Yttrium compound is then combined with the zeolite in the particulate, e.g., via impregnation. It has been shown that the addition of the yttrium compound improves zeolite surface area retention, and zeolite stability in catalysts comprising clay derived zeolites.

Abstract: A process in which a catalytic cracking unit is operated to crack a hydrocarbon feedstock in a manner to enhance light olefin yields. The accompanying benzene-containing naphtha product stream is further processed through a benzene selective membrane to provide a low content benzene stream. Refiners frequently operate their cracking units to optimize light olefin yields, e.g. propylene, in response to needs in the petrochemical industry, and it has been discovered that units operated in this manner frequently produce naphtha containing increased amounts of benzene. The method of this invention therefore allows one to operate the unit when it is desired to optimize light olefin yields, yet at the same time produce a naphtha yield having a low benzene content. The invention is particularly useful when the cracking unit utilizes pentasil zeolites at increased concentrations to enhance light olefins yield.

Abstract: Compositions which contain a titania component have been found which provide reduction of sulfar levels in the gasoline resulting from FCC processes (and other cracking processes conducted in the absence of added hydrogen) without the need for feedstock pretreatments nor added hydrogen. The compositions preferably also contain an alumina supported Lewis acid component. These compositions are preferably used as particles in admixture with catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the circulating catalyst inventory.

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria and which are upset resistant to acids and bases. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles containing a zeolite and one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: Zeolite cracking catalyst compositions and additives that contain a Lewis acid supported on alumina are useful to process hydrocarbon feedstocks. The compositions are especially useful for the production of reduced sulfur gasoline.

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria and which are upset resistant to acids and bases. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles containing a zeolite and one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: Porous bodies are produced which are suitable for use as supports for catalysts, including living cells, such as bacteria. The bodies have a significantly large average pore diameter of about 0.5 to 100 microns, (i.e. 5,000 to 1,000,000 .ANG.) and a total pore volume of about 0.1 to 1.5 cc/g with the large pores contributing a pore volume of from about 0.1 to 1.0 cc/g. The bodies are made by preparing a mixture of ultimate particles of bound clay, one or more optional ingredients such as inorganic binders, extrusion or forming aids, burnout agents, or a forming liquid, such as water. In a preferred embodiment, the ultimate particles are formed by spray drying.

Abstract: Zeolite catalytic cracking catalyst compositions and additives that contain a Lewis acid supported upon alumina are useful for to process hydrocarbon feedstocks. The compositions are especially useful for the production of reduced sulfur gasoline.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts which contain a basic alkaline earth metal component in amounts greater than 5 percent by weight (expressed as the oxides) are used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks that contain substantial quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. In a particularly preferred embodiment natural or synthetic particulate magnesium oxide (MgO) containing composites such as dolomite or a formed particulate coprecipitated magnesia-silica cogel (MgO.SiO.sub.2) having a substantial intra-particle pore volume in pores ranging from about 200-10,000 .ANG. in diameter and an average pore diameter greater than about 400 .ANG. in the 200-10,000 .ANG. diameter range is mixed with a zeolite containing fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) either as an integral component of the catalyst particle or as a separate additive.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalysts which contain a basic alkaline earth metal component in amounts greater than 5 percent by weight (expressed as the oxides) are used to crack hydrocarbon feedstocks that contain substantial quantities of metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. In a particularly preferred embodiment natural or synthetic particulate magnesium oxide (MgO) containing composites such as dolomite or a formed particulate coprecipitated magnesia-silica cogel (MgO.SiO.sub.2) having a substantial intra-particle pore volume in pores ranging from about 200-10,000 .ANG. in diameter and an average pore diameter greater than about 400 .ANG. in the 200-10,000 .ANG. diameter range is mixed with a zeolite containing fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) either as an integral component of the catalyst particle or as a separate additive.

Abstract: A process for the immobilization and volume reduction of low level radioactive wastes produced from the processing of rare earth recovery processes comprising mixing the waste residue with 0.1 to 50% of a fluxing agent and optionally with 0.1 to 50% silica sand, heating the mixture to a temperature in the range of about 1200.degree. to 1800.degree. C. to form molten glass, and pouring the molten glass into a suitable container to cool and solidify into a vitrified mass. Suitable fluxing agents include sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium borate, sodium perborate, or mixtures thereof.