Abstract: Helical spring loop structures (inner tires) reduce vehicle accidents when tire failure occurs, reduce tire heat build-up and tread wear simultaneously. The structure, having an ability to cope with a vehicle's failed tire while in motion, provides a safer driving environment. The structures preferably are made of steel oil tempered wire, ASTM A-229 or equal, covered with rubber tubing and assembled to form a loop which can be inflated. The wire provides structural stability and the rubber tubing provides cushioning, especially when inflated.

Abstract: Rubber-crumb-reinforced cement-concrete structures (such as mortar (0), cement board (30), concrete masonry units (40), and concrete pipe (50)) provide resistance to cracking, increase resistance to acid rain, lower weight, improve shock wave absorption, lower heat conductivity and improve the acoustical environment. The structures preferably are made of concrete having a predetermined proportion (from about 1 to about 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement) of recycled scrap rubber crumbs which are preferably undirectionally aligned in the cross-section of the structures.

Abstract: Rubber crumb reinforced cement-concrete structures provide resistance to cracking, improve shock wave absorption, lower heat conductivity and improve the acoustical environment. The structures are comprised of cement-like materials having a predetermined proportion (from about 1% to about 30% by weight of cement) of recycled scrap rubber crumbs undirectionally aligned in the cross section of said structures.

Abstract: A tennis ball whose weight is preferably equal to the weight of a conventional or regulation tennis ball and whose diameter is from about 2.800 inches to about 3.500 inches, the ball thus being larger in diameter than a conventional ball so as to encounter increased air resistance during flight, thereby to slow the pace of a game being played with the ball relative to the pace of a game being played with a conventional ball of smaller diameter.