Abstract: This invention relates to an efficient cis-to-trans isomerization of 1,4-dihalobutene-2 by means of a thiol or hydrogen bromide or hydrogen chloride catalyzed reaction.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of dialkyl-2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates involving the addition of an alcoholic metallic alkoxide to an organic solution of a 1,4-dihalobutene-2 and a malonic ester.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-step synthesis of high purity dialkyl 2-vinyl-cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate in which a mixture of trans- and cis-1,4-dihalobutene-2 is first isomerized to essentially trans-1,4-dihalobutene-2 followed immediately by cyclocondensing the resultant trans-1,4-dihalobutene-2 with a malonic ester in the presence of an alcoholic solution of a metallic alkoxide.

Abstract: Fragranced compositions and fragranced articles containing an aroma-augmenting or aroma-enhancing amount of a 2,3-dihydrofuran corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R** is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or a methyl group, and a process for obtaining same are provided.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrofurans having highly desirable odor characteristics closely mimicking that of natural products are provided herein. The 2,3-dihydrofurans correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R** is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or a methyl group. The 2,3-dihydrofuran compounds are useful in the preparation of fragrance compositions and fragranced articles and can be employed in conjunction with known fragrance materials to augment or enhance the aromas thereof.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates and 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-arylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates useful as herbicides, pesticides and chemical intermediates are provided. The invention also relates to a method of modifying plant growth by the application of vinyl(or ethyl)cyclopropane derivatives wherein the carboxylate group contains an amine or quaternized amine moiety.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl-1-ketocyclopropane-1-carboxylates and 2-ethyl-1-ketocyclopropane-1-carboxylates useful as fragrance chemicals, pesticides, herbicides and chemical intermediates are provided. The invention also relates to a process for augmenting or enhancing the fragrance qualities of a formulation by the addition thereto of certain 2-vinyl-1-ketocyclopropane-1-carboxylates.

Abstract: 2,4,5-Trisubstituted-2,3-dihydrofurans useful for fungicidal applications are provided herein. The 2,3-dihydrofuran compounds correspond to the general formula ##STR1## where R is an ethyl or vinyl group, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbon radical and X is a nitrile, amide or sulfonyl group. The compounds of this invention are effective fungicides for the treatment of seeds and also find use in other agricultural fungicidal applications.

Abstract: 2,4,5-Trisubstituted-2,3-dihydrofurans useful as fragrance compounds are provided herein. The compounds of this invention correspond to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an ethyl or vinyl group, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The 2,3-dihydrofuran compounds of the present invention are useful components in the preparation and formulation of fragranced cosmetic and toiletry products.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein cyclopropyl ketones are readily isomerized to 2,3-dihydrofurans. The process involves the thermal rearrangement of 1,1-disubstituted-2-alkylcyclopropanes or 1,1-disubstituted-2-alkenylcyclopropanes, wherein one of the substituents in the 1-position is an acyl group, to 2,4,5-trisubstituted-2,3-dihydrofurans employing an onium compound as the catalyst.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl- and 2-ethyl-cyclopropyl sulfones are provided. In addition to the ethyl or vinyl group at the 2-position of the ring, the compounds of this invention are disubstituted at the 1-position with a sulfonyl group and an acyl, nitrile or nitrile-derived radical. The sulfones of this invention are useful chemical intermediates from which a wide variety of pesticidal, herbicidal or biologically active compounds can be prepared and are useful monomers for anionic or radical polymerizations.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl- and 2-ethyl-cyclopropyl sulfones are provided. In addition to the ethyl or vinyl group at the 2-position of the ring, the compounds of this invention are disubstituted at the 1-position with a sulfonyl group and an acyl, nitrile or nitrile-derived radical. The sulfones of this invention are useful chemical intermediates from which a wide variety of pesticidal, herbicidal or biologically active compounds can be prepared and are useful monomers for anionic or radical polymerizations.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates and 2-vinyl(or ethyl)-1-arylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates useful as herbicides, pesticides and chemical intermediates are provided. The invention also relates to a method of modifying plant growth by the application of vinyl(or ethyl)cyclopropane derivatives wherein the carboxylate group contains an amine or quaternized amine moiety.

Abstract: 2-Vinyl- and 2-ethylcyclopropanes having an aryl group and a nitrogen-containing radical substituted at the 1-position on the ring are provided. The novel 1,1-disubstituted 2-vinylcyclopropane and 2-ethylcyclopropane compounds of this invention have utility in herbicidal applications and are useful reactants. The 2-vinylcyclopropane derivatives are useful monomers for anionic and radical polymerizations.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl- and 2-ethylcyclopropane carboxylates useful as pesticides, herbicides and chemical intermediates are provided. The products of this invention contain two gem carboxylate ##STR1## groups, which can be the same or different. The carboxylate groups will contain an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heteroalkyl or heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of a cyclic polyether compound and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.

Abstract: Vinylcyclopropane monomers and oligomers, obtained by the reaction of a diol or ether diol with 2-vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid or a lower alkyl ester thereof, are provided. These products are highly reactive and useful for the preparation of photocurable films, coatings and inks and in other related applications.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yields. The process involves reacting an alkylating agent and an activated methylene compound in the presence of an onium compound, an alkali metal compound and water, which while only necessary in trace amounts can be present in substantial quantities.