Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid phase matrix comprising a layer of lignocellulosic fibers that can be used as effective cargo delivery for crop protection. Also disclosed is a mechanized planter for wrapping or encasing a plant seed, seed piece, seedling, or slip into the disclosed solid phase matrix. Also disclosed is a method for protecting a plant or plant that involves wrapping or encasing the plant or plant part in the disclosed solid phase matrix.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for identifying antibacterial compounds which inhibit propagation of selected spectrum bacteria, which bacteria use specific tRNA to code for Ala, Met, Ser, or Leu that other bacteria do not use. In one embodiment, the selected spectrum bacteria use GCA to code for Ala, whereas other bacteria use a different codon to code for alanine. The methods involve determining whether putative inhibitors promote or inhibit complex formation between the tRNA and a bacterial ribosome, or between the tRNA and an aminoacyl synthetase. Compounds which promote or inhibit complex formation can disrupt protein production, which bacteria need to propagate. The identified antibacterial compounds can selectively inhibit bacterial propagation. By limiting their effects to the selected spectrum bacteria, these compounds can treat or prevent specific bacterial infections without disrupting the normal bacterial flora, the patients' microbiome, or causing antibacterial resistance.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting S. aureus propagation, and screening for compounds that inhibit S. aureus propagation, are described. A method of inhibiting S. aureus propagation comprises either inhibiting or stabilizing ribosomal binding of a specific S. aureus tRNA in the S. aureus by an amount sufficient to inhibit S. aureus protein expression. A method of screening for compounds useful for inhibiting S. aureus propagation comprises contacting a specific S. aureus tRNA to a ribosome that binds that tRNA in the presence of the test compound and an mRNA that codes for methionine and arginine (i.e., includes the sequence AUGAGA), and then determining whether the compound inhibits the binding of that tRNA.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for identifying antibacterial compounds which inhibit propagation of selected spectrum bacteria, which bacteria use specific tRNA to code for Ala, Met, Ser, or Leu that other bacteria do not use. In one embodiment, the selected spectrum bacteria use GCA to code for Ala, whereas other bacteria use a different codon to code for alanine. The methods involve determining whether putative inhibitors promote or inhibit complex formation between the tRNA and a bacterial ribosome, or between the tRNA and an aminoacyl synthetase. Compounds which promote or inhibit complex formation can disrupt protein production, which bacteria need to propagate. The identified antibacterial compounds can selectively inhibit bacterial propagation. By limiting their effects to the selected spectrum bacteria, these compounds can treat or prevent specific bacterial infections without disrupting the normal bacterial flora, the patients' microbiome, or causing antibacterial resistance.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of identifying inhibitors of retroviral propagation, tRNA used in the methods, and kits, including the tRNA, which can be used in the methods, are disclosed. Methods of treating or preventing retroviral infections by administering an effective amount of the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are also disclosed. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a linear sequence of a tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment that is not capable of forming a stem-loop, a target nucleic acid molecule capable of binding to the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: Methods of identifying inhibitors of retroviral propagation, tRNA used in the methods, and kits, including the tRNA, which can be used in the methods, are disclosed. Methods of treating or preventing retroviral infections by administering an effective amount of the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are also disclosed. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a linear sequence of a tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment that is not capable of forming a stem-loop, a target nucleic acid molecule capable of binding to the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of identifying inhibitors of retroviral propagation, tRNA used in the methods, and kits, including the tRNA, which can be used in the methods, are disclosed. Methods of treating or preventing retroviral infections by administering an effective amount of the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are also disclosed. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a linear sequence of a tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment that is not capable of forming a stem-loop, a target nucleic acid molecule capable of binding to the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the following compound: The compound and other azacycle derivatives can be used in method of treatments for retroviral infections, such as HIV.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting S. aureus propagation, and screening for compounds that inhibit S. aureus propagation, are described. A method of inhibiting S. aureus propagation comprises either inhibiting or stabilizing ribosomal binding of a specific S. aureus tRNA in the S. aureus by an amount sufficient to inhibit S. aureus protein expression. A method of screening for compounds useful for inhibiting S. aureus propagation comprises contacting a specific S. aureus tRNA to a ribosome that binds that tRNA in the presence of the test compound and an mRNA that codes for methionine and arginine (i.e., includes the sequence AUGAGA), and then determining whether the compound inhibits the binding of that tRNA.

Abstract: Methods of identifying inhibitors of retroviral propagation, tRNA used in the methods, and kits, including the tRNA, which can be used in the methods, are disclosed. Methods of treating or preventing retroviral infections by administering an effective amount of the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are also disclosed. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a linear sequence of a tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment that is not capable of forming a stem-loop, a target nucleic acid molecule capable of binding to the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA anticodon stem loop fragment and the target nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: A biodegradable delivery system for actives such as pharmaceutical drugs. The delivery system includes actives infused into the capsid of a purified plant virus. The loaded capsids are embedding in electrospun biodegradable polymer fibers, forming a nonwoven fabric.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for identifying inhibitors of RNA-target molecule interactions are provided as well as identifying inhibitors that block the role of tRNA in protein synthesis. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a tRNA fragment molecule containing a modified nucleotide, a target molecule capable of binding to the tRNA fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA and the target molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA molecule and the target molecule. High throughput assays are also provided.

Abstract: Inhibitors of retroviral propagation, methods of treatment and prevention of retroviral infections using the inhibitors, and pharmaceutical compositions including the inhibitors, are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for identifying inhibitors of RNA-target molecule interactions are provided as well as identifying inhibitors that block the role of tRNA in protein synthesis. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a tRNA fragment molecule containing a modified nucleotide, a target molecule capable of binding to the tRNA fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA and the target molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA molecule and the target molecule. High throughput assays are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for identifying inhibitors of RNA-target molecule interactions are provided as well as identifying inhibitors that block the role of tRNA in protein synthesis. The methods involve forming a mixture comprising a tRNA fragment molecule containing a modified nucleotide, a target molecule capable of binding to the tRNA fragment, and a test compound. The mixture is incubated under conditions that allow binding of the tRNA and the target molecule in the absence of the test compound. Assays can then be performed that detect whether or not the test compound inhibits the binding of the tRNA molecule and the target molecule. High throughput assays are also provided.