Abstract: A fill sheet for use in a fill arrangement in a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower is provided. Each fill sheet includes ridges, grooves, separators, that improve the performance of the fill sheet arrangement when installed as a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower. The separators are located in minor air paths between the fill sheet to improve the air flow capabilities and performance of the direct heat exchange section.

Abstract: A fill sheet for use in a fill arrangement in a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower is provided. Each fill sheet includes ridges, grooves, separators, that improve the performance of the fill sheet arrangement when installed as a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower. The separators are located in minor air paths between the fill sheet to improve the air flow capabilities and performance of the direct heat exchange section.

Abstract: A film fill-pack has a plurality of fill-sheets with an ordered array of ridges and grooves generally extending above a planar surface on both the obverse and reverse surfaces of a fill-sheet, which fill-sheets at an assembled state provide the ridges and grooves of facing obverse and reverse surfaces of adjacent fill-sheets in an arrangement providing a plurality of channels between adjacent fill-sheets for gas flow therethrough and where the ordered arrangement of ridges and grooves induces spiraling of the gas flow through the channels for promotion of improved heat transfer; and, where the fill-sheets further include a spacing arrangement providing a compact nesting of adjacent sheets with minimal sheet-to-sheet displacement at least at two of the edges for compact handling, transfer and storage with a self-spacing of adjacent fill-sheets at assembly of the film fill-pack.

Abstract: A film fill-pack has a plurality of fill-sheets with an ordered array of ridges and grooves generally extending above a planar surface on both the obverse and reverse surfaces of a fill-sheet, which fill-sheets at an assembled state provide the ridges and grooves of facing obverse and reverse surfaces of adjacent fill-sheets in an arrangement providing a plurality of channels between adjacent fill-sheets for gas flow therethrough and where the ordered arrangement of ridges and grooves induces spiraling of the gas flow through the channels for promotion of improved heat transfer; and, where the fill-sheets further include a spacing arrangement providing a compact nesting of adjacent sheets with minimal sheet-to-sheet displacement at least at two of the edges for compact handling, transfer and storage with a self-spacing of adjacent fill-sheets at assembly of the film fill-pack.

Abstract: A side feeding fluid distribution system is provided which is used for uniformly distributing a heat exchange fluid to an underlying structure. The distribution system comprises a distribution pan, a pre-distribution box, and a removable basket strainer housed within the pre-distribution box. The fluid transporting pre-distribution box is centrally located in resting relationship on top of the distribution pan. The pre-distribution box has a pair of uniquely configured converging sidewalls which allow portions of the flowstream to be incrementally stripped from the main flowstream as it flows towards the backwall of the pre-distribution box. The velocity energy of the stripped portion of flow is thereby conserved, and then advantageously used to create uniform water distribution throughout the distribution pan, and hence, to the nozzles attached in the bottom of the pan. The pre-distribution box sidewalls also form an internal chamber for receiving a removable in-line basket filter or strainer.

Abstract: A large anti-vortexing nozzle is provided which may be used in a distribution system comprising multiple nozzles to uniformly distribute fluid to an underlying surface. The nozzle is non-clogging, operates at very low spray pressures, and evenly distributes fluid over a wide area due to its ability to eradicate vortex formations within the nozzle. The nozzle comprises a main body with integrally formed anti-vortexing ears extending upward from the top of the nozzle into the pipe and an underlying dual pyramid shaped deflecting apparatus. In operation, the nozzle produces consistent and continuous, multiple uniform flat planes of fluid because the nozzle now will not sputter, vibrate or induce air because ears on the nozzle eliminate vortex pair formations which are detrimental to nozzle performance.

Abstract: A large nozzle is provided which may be used in a distribution system comprising multiple nozzles to uniformly distribute fluid to an underlying surface. The nozzle is non-clogging, operates at very low spray pressures, and evenly distributes fluid over a wide area. The nozzle comprises a main body and an underlying dual pyramid shaped deflecting means. In operation, the nozzle produces multiple uniform flat planes of fluid. When used in a distribution system comprising a plurality of nozzles, the planes of fluid from one nozzle intersect with planes of fluid from other nozzles multiple times in all directions about the nozzle to disperse the fluid. The nozzle is also provided with a flow reducing insert means and a flow directing device. A novel method of fastening the large nozzle to the header pipe is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curvilinear transition duct for use with a centrifugal fan that affords optimal fan efficiency without undue duct length. The duct comprises a top section of generally concave planar shape when viewed from above and a bottom section. Side sections join the top and bottom sections to form a four sided structure having an inlet opening at one side and an outlet opening at the other side. The preferred bottom section is of a generally longer longitudinal length than the top section. Further, the preferred duct has a plane in contact with the edges of the inlet opening which intersect a plane in contact with the outlet openings at a level above the duct. The angle formed between the planes would be 1.degree. to 60.degree..

Abstract: A forced draft crossflow evaporative heat exchange has a turbulent air-liquid interchange zone downstream from the air propulsion means and intermediate the air propulsion means and the heat exchange media. The media is inclined so the upper portion is closer to the air propulsion means than the lower portion.

Abstract: A contact body or evaporative heat and mass exchanger packing composed of a plurality of side-by-side thin sheets interlocked with one another. The sheets are grooved with a serpentine-like, continuously-variable, cross section form to produce a plurality of liquid and gas channels between the sheets. The sheets have integrally-formed knobs and sockets specifically located to provide up-spaced alternate sheet support without utilizing adhesives of any type. The sheets are preferably composed of a thermoplastic material of any desired length, being continuously pressure-vacuum formed from long sheet rolls. The groove crests abut adjacent sheets apices at continuously-variable spacings of both greater and lesser dimension than the basic edge spacing of the serpentine grooves. The flat crests or apices of grooves are also infinitely variable in width dimension while maintaining a constant sidewall groove angle.

Abstract: This invention involves spaced, horizontally extending corrugations, spaced, vertically oriented film surface sheets. The surface of the fill is enhanced by molded-in angular grooves to define discrete water passageways and air turbulation ridges.