Abstract: Concentrating devices, systems, and methods include those for separating fluids to be sensed (e.g., analytes, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or other chemical substances) from other fluid (e.g., a carrier gas, air, etc.) of a fluid mixture received from a target area of a subject's anatomy (e.g., a subject's skin, a wound on a subject, etc.). In some cases, the concentration system may include a housing and a rotor positioned in a compartment of the housing. The housing may receive a fluid mixture in the compartment and rotation of the rotor relative to the housing may separate fluid to be sensed in the fluid mixture from other fluid of the fluid mixture.

Abstract: Detection devices, systems, and methods include those for detecting analytes (e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or other chemical substances) from a target area of a subject's anatomy (e.g., a subject's skin, a wound on a subject, etc.). In some cases, a detector may have a detecting component that includes an analyte sensitive material applied to a substrate. The detector may be used with a pump. The detector may include a hydrophobic, gas permeable material configured to limit liquid reaching the analyte sensitive material, while allowing analytes in gaseous fluid to reach the analyte sensitive material.

Abstract: Collection devices, systems, and methods include those for collecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or other chemical substances from a target area of a subject’s anatomy (e.g., a subject’s skin, a wound on a subject, etc.). In some cases, the collector may have a collection component including an adsorbent material. The collector may be used with a pump. The pump may be configured to draw a fluid flow containing one or more chemical substances from a target area on a subject’s anatomy through the collection component. The collection component may be configured to collect at least some of the chemical substances from the fluid flow as the flow passes through the collection component.

Abstract: The systems and methods in accordance with the principles of the invention can promote correction of an aesthetic or functional defect in a target tissue. A method can include non-invasively applying a cooling agent to a surface of a target tissue; and cooling one or more tissue layers of said target tissue to a predetermined therapeutic temperature, wherein applying the cooling agent is performed such that cryoablation of said one or more layers of the target tissue does not occur. The system can include: a controller and a probe having a distal end configured for non-invasive contact with a surface of a target tissue to cool the target tissue based on treatment parameters.

Abstract: The systems and methods in accordance with the principles of the invention can promote correction of an aesthetic or functional defect in a target tissue. A method can include non-invasively applying a cooling agent to a surface of a target tissue; and cooling one or more tissue layers of said target tissue to a predetermined therapeutic temperature, wherein applying the cooling agent is performed such that cryoablation of said one or more layers of the target tissue does not occur. The system can include: a controller and a probe having a distal end configured for non-invasive contact with a surface of a target tissue to cool the target tissue based on treatment parameters.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic energy to a patient's tissue with a reduction in the pain experienced by the patient. The tissue treatment apparatus includes a delivery device configured to transfer electromagnetic energy through the skin surface to a region of tissue and a vibration device mechanically coupled with the delivery device. The vibration device is configured to transfer mechanical vibrations through the skin surface to the region of tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic energy to a patient's tissue with a reduction in the pain experienced by the patient. The tissue treatment apparatus includes a delivery device configured to transfer electromagnetic energy through the skin surface to a region of tissue and a vibration device mechanically coupled with the delivery device. The vibration device is configured to transfer mechanical vibrations through the skin surface to the region of tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic energy to a patient's tissue with a reduction in the pain experienced by the patient. The tissue treatment apparatus includes a delivery device configured to transfer electromagnetic energy through the skin surface to a region of tissue and a vibration device mechanically coupled with the delivery device. The vibration device is configured to transfer mechanical vibrations through the skin surface to the region of tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for delivering electromagnetic energy to a patient's tissue with a reduction in the pain experienced by the patient. The tissue treatment apparatus includes a delivery device configured to transfer electromagnetic energy through the skin surface to a region of tissue and a vibration device mechanically coupled with the delivery device. The vibration device is configured to transfer mechanical vibrations through the skin surface to the region of tissue.

Abstract: A mobile telephone handset (MS1) capable of sending and receiving text message. The handset contains disambiguation software (20) operable to disambiguate inputted text with reference to a dictionary (19) stored in memory (10). When receiving new text messages, the dictionary is updated with words contained in the message.

Abstract: A method of anomaly detection applicable to telecommunications or retail fraud or software vulnerabilities uses inductive logic programming to develop anomaly characterization rules from relevant background knowledge and a training data set, which includes positive anomaly samples of data covered by rules. Data samples include 1 or 0 indicating association or otherwise with anomalies. An anomaly is detected by a rule having condition set which the anomaly fu,lfils. Rules are developed by addition of conditions and unification of variables, and are filtered to remove duplicates, equivalents, symmetric rules and unnecessary conditions. Overfitting of noisy data is avoided by an encoding cost criterion. Termination of rule construction involves criteria of rule length, absence of negative examples, rule significance and accuracy, and absence of recent refinement.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electronic gaming system configured to provide for end-user control of an on-screen gaining character, the system comprising means for generating an on-screen graphical element comprising first and second markers which are arranged to move relative to one another during operation of the system, the arrangement being such that in operation when said first and second markers attain a pre-defined positional relationship relative to one another the on-screen gaming character is controllable to perform a pre-determined action. Hence, there is provided a timing and reaction based control system configured to allow an end user to interact with an electronic same so as to control the on-screen character to perform actions, movements or tricks.

Abstract: A method of anomaly detection applicable to telecommunications or retail fraud or software vulnerabilities uses inductive logic programming to develop anomaly characterisation rules from relevant background knowledge and a training data set, which includes positive anomaly samples of data covered by rules. Data samples include 1 or 0 indicating association or otherwise with anomalies. An anomaly is detected by a rule having condition set which the anomaly fu,lfils. Rules are developed by addition of conditions and unification of variables, and are filtered to remove duplicates, equivalents, symmetric rules and unnecessary conditions. Overfitting of noisy data is avoided by an encoding cost criterion. Termination of rule construction involves criteria of rule length, absence of negative examples, rule significance and accuracy, and absence of recent refinement.

Abstract: A text message service to email gateway is provided so that text messages, or other information, in a mobile phone network can be selectively redirected to email addresses.

Abstract: A mobile telephone handset (MS1) capable of sending and receiving text message. The handset contains disambiguation software (20) operable to disambiguate inputted text with reference to a dictionary (19) stored in memory (10). When receiving new text messages, the dictionary is updated with words contained in the message.

Abstract: The present invention is a pneumatically driven personal amplification system for use with an electric guitar. The invention has three embodiments, each one having a having a listening apparatus connected to an electric guitar through pneumatic tubing. The first embodiment utilizes a plug, disposed on the end of the tubing opposite the listening apparatus and designed to interface with the guitar's output jack. The second embodiment utilizes a detachable diaphragm, localized on the surface of the guitar. The third embodiment is an electric guitar with a permanent diaphragm attached therein and an output port constructed for detachable pneumatic tubing. In all embodiments, volume and control and filters and specialized diaphragm structures may be employed to adjust the sound transmitted to the user.

Abstract: Enzyme activity sensors comprising a planar waveguide can be used for sensitive and quantitative measurement of enzyme activity. Such enzyme activity sensors are useful in a variety of settings, including clinical, commercial, and public health settings.

Abstract: A mobile communications device is used to play a game. If a user completes the game or reaches a predefined score, then game content becomes available to the user for customising their handset.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a memory for storing a menu of items (31) and a controller (16) operable to order said items (31) in said menu according to their frequency of use. In a preferred embodiment, the electronic device is a mobile telephone (1).

Abstract: A text message service to email gateway is provided so that text messages, or other information, in a mobile phone network can be selectively redirected to email addresses.