Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for inhibiting scale formation and microorganism growth within a moving water system, with the apparatus including: (i) a pulse-power assembly having a fly-back pulse generator circuit effective to produce a current pulse that when terminated yields a voltage spike and generates a plurality of frequencies of energy, where the fly-back pulse generator circuit comprises a coil as an integral portion of the fly-back pulse generator circuit; and (ii) a chamber for passing water from the moving water system therethrough, where the coil is wound around the chamber so as to transmit the plurality of frequencies of energy into the chamber in order to inhibit scale formation and microorganism growth within the moving water system. Water treatment systems and methods of using the apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for inhibiting scale formation and microorganism growth within a moving water system, with the apparatus including: (i) a pulse-power assembly having a fly-back pulse generator circuit effective to produce a current pulse that when terminated yields a voltage spike and generates a plurality of frequencies of energy, where the fly-back pulse generator circuit comprises a coil as an integral portion of the fly-back pulse generator circuit; and (ii) a chamber for passing water from the moving water system therethrough, where the coil is wound around the chamber so as to transmit the plurality of frequencies of energy into the chamber in order to inhibit scale formation and microorganism growth within the moving water system. Water treatment systems and methods of using the apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for coupling which includes first and second shafts, each having an axis. The axes are disposed in generally coaxial relationship. The apparatus includes coupling having first and second members for coupling the first shaft to the second shaft to allow transmission of rotational movement from one of said shafts to the other of said shafts upon rotation of the one shaft. The first and second members have a configuration which allows transmission of rotational movement from one shaft to the other shaft in a first direction of rotational movement and not allowing transmission of rotational movement from one shaft to another shaft in a second direction of rotational movement. The first member is mounted on the first shaft so as to allow movement on the first shaft in a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of the first shaft.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling a zero crossing switch in order to connect a source of zero crossing AC voltage to and disconnecting it from an AC load line is disclosed herein along with its method of operation. To this end, means are provided for producing externally controlled command signals intended to control when the switch connects and disconnects the load line to and from the AC voltage. At the same time, a specific window of time is selected, which window begins a particular period of time prior to and includes at least certain zero crossing points of the AC voltage. Internally controlled command signals are produced in response to the AC voltage and externally controlled signals for actually controlling when the switch connects (ON) and disconnects (OFF) the load to and from the AC voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the presence of processed photograph film at a particular location comprises a light source which emits green or blue light having a wavelength in the range of 420-600 nanometers. A light sensors positioned to receive light from the light source when the film is not present. An infrared filter and a filter for transmitting light in the range of wavelengths emitted by the light source are positioned in front of the light sensor.

Abstract: A photographic printer is provided with a film strip receiving means including an elongated film strip receiving slot. A transport means is activated by a film strip detection means when the leading end of a film strip is inserted into the slot to move the film strip into the slot. The detection means also detects the presence of the trailing end of the film strip if the film strip is not totally contained by the slot. If a trailing end is not detected, a door is closed to light seal the entrance to the slot. If a trailing end is detected, the door is not closed to prevent damage to the film strip.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the exposure of a photographic negative to be printed in a cropped, enlarged format. The method is performed by defining a region of the negative to be printed, measuring selected density characteristics of the negative in only that region, and determining the exposure based on those measured density characteristics. The method is implemented in an enlarging photographic printer including means for defining the region of the negative to be printed, and means for measuring the selected density characteristics of the negative only in that region. Means are provided for using the selected density characteristics to calculate an exposure for the negative region, and for exposing the negative region onto photographic paper in accordance with the calculated exposure.

Abstract: Apparatus for printing a selected region of a photographic negative onto a photosensitive paper to form an enlarged and cropped photographic print includes means for projecting the photographic negative onto first and second zoom lenses, each of the zoom lenses having an adjustable magnification. Means are provided for defining, by adjusting the magnification of the first zoom lens, the selected region of the photographic negative to be printed. Means are provided for adjusting, as a function of the magnification of the first zoom lens, the magnification of the second zoom lens so as to image the selected region of the photographic negative onto the photosensitive paper. Further, means are provided for exposing the selected region of the photographic negative through the second zoom lens onto the photosensitive paper for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A photographic printer for exposing a photographic transparency onto a photosensitive medium, the photographic printer including a source of illumination for projecting light through the photographic transparency, a light sensor for sensing selected characteristics of the light projected through the photographic transparency, and a combination filter and shutter apparatus. The combination filter and shutter apparatus includes a rotatable wheel defining an exposure aperture, a calibration region for use in calibrating the light sensor, at least one opaque region of suitable size for blocking the light output of the source of illumination, and a neutral density filter region. Control means are provided for rotating the wheel to selectively position the calibration region between the source of illumination and the light sensor to enable the calibration of the light sensor.