Abstract: A vehicle engine exhaust mounted oxygen sensor of the type producing an internally generated signal voltage and having a variable internal impedance is connected in series with a reference impedance and a semiconductor switch, the semiconductor switch having an impedance which may become large when current therethrough is very low. A constant current source is connected to supply current to the junction of the sensor and reference impedance at one sensor terminal and thus guarantee a minimum current and small switch impedance when the sensor impedance is large. Further apparatus samples the magnitudes of the voltage at the one sensor terminal with the semiconductor switch in its conducting and non-conducting states, the ratio of said magnitudes varying with sensor impedance. The ratio can be compared with one or more references to provide a warm sensor signal or control the operation of a sensor heater.

Abstract: An anti-lock brake control apparatus especially suited to heavy duty trucks with air brakes senses the wheel speeds on a given axle and cyclically releases and applies the brakes on that axle as required to avoid undesirable wheel slip during braking. In one control channel, a deceleration switch responsive to a wheel speed signal produces a brake release signal when wheel deceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold. A second parallel channel, also responsive to wheel speed, derives a velocity error signal representing the difference between wheel speed and an estimated vehicle speed and produces a release signal when the velocity error exceeds a value which varies as a function of wheel speed. The velocity error is determined by comparing the wheel deceleration with an estimated vehicle deceleration and integrating the difference.

Abstract: An anti-lock brake control system especially suited to heavy duty trucks with air brakes senses the wheel speeds on a given axle and cyclically releases and applies the brakes on that axle as required to avoid undesirable wheel slip during braking. In one control channel, a deceleration switch responsive to a wheel speed signal produces a brake release signal when wheel deceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold. A second parallel channel, also responsive to wheel speed, derives a velocity error signal representing the difference between wheel speed and an estimated vehicle speed and produces a release signal when the velocity error exceeds a value which varies as a function of wheel speed. The velocity error is determined by comparing the wheel deceleration with a vehicle deceleration and integrating the difference. The estimated vehicle deceleration is determined in large part by a wheel acceleration sensing circuit to determine the rate of wheel spinup during brake release.