Abstract: An agglomerate comprising alumina, carbon, and a binder for use in a vapor recovery reactor of a carbothermic alumina reduction furnace is disclosed. A method for using alumina-carbon agglomerates to capture aluminum vapor species and utilize waste heat from off-gases in a vapor recovery reactor to form a recyclable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An agglomerate comprising alumina, carbon, and a binder for use in a vapor recovery reactor of a carbothermic alumina reduction furnace is disclosed. A method for using alumina-carbon agglomerates to capture aluminum vapor species and utilize waste heat from off-gases in a vapor recovery reactor to form a recyclable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An agglomerate comprising alumina, carbon, and a binder for use in a vapor recovery reactor of a carbothermic alumina reduction furnace is disclosed. A method for using alumina-carbon agglomerates to capture aluminum vapor species and utilize waste heat from off-gases in a vapor recovery reactor to form a recyclable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A batch process for producing low carbon aluminum using a single carbothermic reactor furnace is disclosed in which the slag making, metal making and carbon extraction is carried out in a single furnace, single compartment reactor. The Al2O and Al vapors generated in slag making and metal making steps are recovered in a vapor recovery reactor, and treated with a carbonaceous material to produce recyclable material comprising Al4C3. The recyclable material is used to assist with one or more subsequent slag making steps.

Abstract: An agglomerate comprising alumina, carbon, and a binder for use in a vapor recovery reactor of a carbothermic alumina reduction furnace is disclosed. A method for using alumina-carbon agglomerates to capture aluminum vapor species and utilize waste heat from off-gases in a vapor recovery reactor to form a recyclable material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A batch process for producing low carbon aluminum using a single carbothermic reactor furnace is disclosed in which the slag making, metal making and carbon extraction is carried out in a single furnace, single compartment reactor. The Al2O and Al vapors generated in slag making and metal making steps are recovered in a vapor recovery reactor, and treated with a carbonaceous material to produce recyclable material comprising Al4C3. The recyclable material is used to assist with one or more subsequent slag making steps.

Abstract: In a method for recovering Al from an off-gas (3,4) produced during carbothermic reduction of aluminum utilizing at least one smelter (1,2), the off-gas (3,4) is directed to an enclosed reactor (5) which is fed a supply of wood charcoal (7) having a porosity of from about 50 vol. % to 85 vol. % and an average pore diameter of from about 0.05 ?m to about 2.00 ?m, where the wood charcoal (7) contacts the off-gas (3,4) to produce at least Al4C3 (6), which is passed back to the smelter (1,2).

Abstract: A process for continuously smelting iron ore by use of coal to yield molten iron or semi-steel is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of establishing a melt covered by slag; inducing the slag and the molten iron to flow countercurrently to one another, toward opposite ends of the smelter; maintaining iron oxide-reducing conditions in that zone of the smelter towards which the slag flows; maintaining carbon-oxidizing conditions in that zone of the smelter towards which the molten iron flows; continuously or semicontinuously tapping the slag from the reducing zone end of the smelter; continuously or semicontinuously tapping the molten iron from the oxidizing zone end of the smelter; and adding to both zones iron ore, coal, oxygen, and flux at addition rates sufficient to keep the molten iron in the reducing zone substantially saturated with carbon, maintain in the slag being tapped an FeO content of about 5 weight percent or less, and maintain in the molten iron being tapped a carbon content of about 0.

Abstract: In bottom blown processes for the production of low carbon steels (i.e. less than 0.2% C), inert gas flushing employed at an intermediate point of the blow, provides more rapid and more efficient removal of N.sub.2. Thus, inert gas flushing is initiated at a point when the carbon content of the melt is in excess of 0.3%, and preferably in excess of 0.5%. When N.sub.2 is removed to a desired extent, full scale oxygen blowing is resumed to achieve the final degree of decarburization.

Abstract: A method of producing steel in a bottom-blown oxygen steelmaking vessel wherein the use of scrap steel in the original charge is minimized or eliminated, and the final temperature of the charge is controlled by injecting thereinto 5 to 30 pounds of finely divided iron oxide per ton of charge metal before the carbon content of the charge is reduced to 0.3 percent.

Abstract: In the Q-BOP process for the production of low carbon steels (eg. 0.02 - 0.05% C), inert gas-oxygen mixtures are employed during the latter part of the blow, i.e. when the C content of the melt reaches a level of about 0.25%. As such lower carbon contents, the rate of decarburization is not decreased by dilution of the oxygen with inert gas. However, such dilution results in less O.sub.2 being available for oxidation of iron, hence significant increases in metallic yield may be achieved. By precise control of the O.sub.2 /inert gas ratio, increases in metallic yield in excess of 2% are achieved.