Abstract: A developer composition having improved noise signal ratio in an optical toner concentration sensing system, including a toner having a first diffuse reflectivity and a carrier having a second diffuse reflectivity wherein the difference between the first diffuse reflectivity and the second diffuse reflectivity is substantially high.

Abstract: A developer composition having improved noise signal ratio in an optical toner concentration sensing system, including a toner having a first diffuse reflectivity and a carrier having a second diffuse reflectivity wherein the difference between the first diffuse reflectivity and the second diffuse reflectivity is substantially high.

Abstract: A developer of a mixture of carrier particles and toner particles containing at least one binder, at least one colorant, and optionally one or more additives, has a triboelectric value of from 35 to 60 &mgr;C/g, a charge distribution (Q/D) of from −0.5 to −1.0 fC/&mgr;m and the distribution is substantially unimodal and possesses a peak width of less than 0.5 fC/&mgr;m, preferably less than 0.3 fC/&mgr;m, and a conductivity of the developer ranges from 1×10−11 to 10×10−15 mho/cm as measured at 30 V. The carrier particles of the developer preferably have an average particle diameter of 65 to 90 microns and a size distribution wherein 2.0% or less of a total number of carrier particles have a size less than 38 micrometers. The ratio of carrier volume median diameter to toner volume median diameter is about 10:1. The developer finds particular use in devices utilizing hybrid scavengeless development.

Abstract: An apparatus for dynamically filling a gap between a side of a railway train car and an adjacent edge of a station or loading platform for preventing accident or injury to passengers while boarding or alighting from the train. A plurality of flexible, flat planar sheet-like members project outwardly from a vertical platform edge surface that is confrontingly opposed to the side of a railway train car located adjacent to the platform. The extension of the projecting members from the platform is such that as an approaching train traveling along a track moves into proximity with the platform, the train contacts at least the free ends of the projecting members whereby the members are thereby resiliently deflected to assume a generally bent contour in the direction of train movement and thereby substantially fill the gap between the platform edge and the side of the train.

Abstract: An automatic open and close umbrella, that has an umbrella canopy, a hollow shaft, a driven member which is driven by means of a threaded drive shaft and has at least one radial spline extending through an axial slot in the wall of the hollow shaft, and a handle located at the proximate end of the hollow shaft containing a drive motor which powers a threaded drive shaft to drive the driven member along the hollow shaft, incorporates a manual override mechanism to engage and disengage the drive motor to manually operate the driven member along the hollow shaft to open and close the umbrella.