Abstract: The invention provides compositions for use as pet litters and pet bedding, or for absorption of liquids and gases. These compositions are formed as aggregates or agglomerates of different components having different hydration capacities and 5 hydration rates.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions for use as pet litters and pet bedding, or for absorption of liquids and gases. These compositions are formed as aggregates or agglomerates of different components having different hydration capacities and hydration rates.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions for use as pet litters and pet bedding, or for absorption of liquids and gases. These compositions are formed as aggregates or agglomerates of different components having different hydration capacities and hydration rates.

Abstract: Included is the preparation of particulate coffee products with improved particle packing characteristics. Fine coffee particles having particle diameters of less than about 600 micrometers are compacted to a bulk density of from about 0.40 to about 0.70 gm/cc. The resulting coffee products have the isodensity and isobrew solid profiles as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, where the bulk density and brew solid values for any ternary particle mixture represented on the graph increases with increased coffee fine fractions therein. The process can also be used to control or increase the bulk density of particulate coffee products thereby eliminating or reducing the need to rely upon roasting means to control bulk density. The compaction operation changes the particle morphology without rupturing the cell walls of the coffee.

Abstract: A continuous process for preparing a high protein or low fat nut spread having desirable fluidity, texture and flavor. The process comprises as a first step depositing a nut paste in a mixing tank. Next, the solid ingredients which are to be present in the final product spread are mixed into the tank containing the peanut paste and the mixture is pumped through a high shear mixer. The temperature of the mixture is then adjusted so that the temperature of the mixture exiting the homogenizer is less than about 240.degree. F. The mixture is then pumped through a homogenizer at a pressure ranging from about 9,000 to about 14,500 psig, a colloid mill, a versator and a scraped wall heat exchanger.

Abstract: A novel nut paste having a particular monomodal particle size distribution and to monomodal full-fat nut butters and monomodal reduced fat nut spreads which contain the novel nut paste and which, as a result, have superior fluidity, texture and flavor which comprises from about 50% to 100% of a nut paste. The Casson plastic viscosity of the nut paste is less than about 15 poise and the fat content of the nut paste is at least about 45%, and it has a fat content ranging from about 25% to about 80%. The final nut butters and nut spread products of the present invention have a Casson plastic viscosity of less than about 17 poise and a yield value below about 300 dynes per square centimeter. The water insoluble solids have a monomodal particle size distribution such that at least about 90% of the water insoluble solids comprising the nut butter or spread have a particle size of less than about 21.

Abstract: The invention is a reduced past nut or oilseed butter composition made from roasted nuts which contains: (a) from about 40% to about 67% nut solids, between 65% and 80% of said solids having a particle size less than 18 microns and a SPAN of greater than 2.5 and not more than 5.0; (b) from about 33% to about 45% oil; (c) from 0% to about 4% stabilizer; (d) from 0% to about 40% bulking agent; (e) from 0% to about 8% flavorant; and (f) from 0% to about 3% emulsifier; where the product has a Casson plastic viscosity of between 1 and 15 poise and a yield value below 300 dynes per square centimeter. The invention also relates to a reduced fat or full compositions of the general type described above which is whipped to contain dispersed gas bubbles, where at least 90% of the bubbles have a diameter less than 150 microns. Processes for making these compositions are also described.

Abstract: Raw or roasted nuts can be pressed at pressure of 1500 to 7500 psig to remove up to 80% of the oil by mixing them with a food compatible particulate material in the press. The particulate has a particle size of less than 100 microns and is food compatible. In a preferred process, peanuts are mixed with a peanut oil slurry of salt with a particle size of less than 40 microns in a hydraulic press and pressd at 5200 psig for 10 minutes. The pressed nuts are hydrated and then roasted.