Abstract: Lipase is immobilized on surfaces to facilitate oil removal from the surfaces and to alter wettability of the surfaces. The lipase is isolatable from a Pseudomonas organism such as Pseudomonas putida ATCC 53552 or from an organism expressing a coding region found in or cloned from the Pseudomonas. A particularly preferred lipase has a molecular weight of about 30 to 35 kd and is resolvable as a single band by SDS gel electrophoresis. Lipase sorbed on fabric forms a fabric-lipase complex for oil stain removal. The lipase may be sorbed on fabric before or after an oil stain, and the lipase is active to hydrolyze an oil stain on dry fabric or fabric in laundering solutions. The sorbed lipase has enhanced stability to denaturation by surfactants and to heat deactivation, is resistant to removal from fabric during laundering, retains substantial activity after drying fabric at an elevated temperature, and retains activity during fabric storage or wear.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new therapeutic use of the zwitterionic surfactants, specifically betaines and sulfobetaines, to treat cellular, neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions are provided that comprise peracid activators. The peracid activators are ester derivatives of a carboxylic acid where the oxygen is covalently bound through a polyhydroxy linking group to a leaving group that is displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When the peracid activator is combined with a source of peroxygen in aqueous solution, then a stain removing peracid is formed. One embodiment of the peracid activator has the structure ##STR1## where R' is a branched or linear C.sub.4-12 alkyl, n is 1 to about 7, and L is a leaving group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new therapeutic use of the zwitterionic surfactants, specifically betaines and sulfobetaines, to treat cellular, neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: Polyglycolate compounds are provided having the general structure: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 10; R is C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, substituted aryl; R' and R" are independently H, C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1-20 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, and NR.sub.3.sup..alpha.+, wherein R.sup..alpha. is C.sub.1-30 alkyl; and L is a leaving group displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When this compound is combined with a source of peroxgen in aqueous solution, then a plurality of stain removing peracids are formed. Such peracids are formed substantially sequentially beginning with the carbonyl adjacent to the leaving group L. Thus, a first stain removing peracid having the structure ##STR2## will be formed in amounts approaching quantitative yield.

Abstract: Polyglycolate compounds are provided having the general structure: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 10; R is C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, substituted aryl; R' and R" are independently H, C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1-20 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, and NR.sub.3.sup..alpha.+, wherein R.sup..alpha. is C.sub.1-30 alkyl; and L is a leaving group displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When this compound is combined with a source of peroxygen in aqueous solution, then a plurality of stain removing peracids are formed. Such peracids are formed substantially sequentially beginning with the carbonyl adjacent to the leaving group L. Thus, a first stain removing peracid having the structure ##STR2## will be formed in amounts approaching quantitative yield.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system or activated oxidant system for in situ generation of peracid in aqueous solutions is disclosed including a protease enzyme, a source of hydrogen peroxide and an ester substrate having the general structure ##STR1## where R and R' are alkyl groups unsubstituted or substituted with at least one functional group. Preferred substrates are defined which are preferably chemically non-perhydrolyzable. Processes for bleaching and peracid production are also disclosed.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system or activated oxidant system for in situ generation of peracid in aqueous solutions is disclosed including an esterase or lipase enzyme, a source of hydrogen peroxide, and a functionalized ester substrate having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is a substituent having at least one carbon atom and X is a functional moiety or group. Preferred substrates include glycerides, ethylene glycol derivatives and propylene glycol derivatives. The system is adapted for use in both high and low temperature wash conditions. In one embodiment, a lipase enzyme is employed with an insoluble substrate and an emulsifying agent. In another embodiment, an esterase and/or lipase enzyme, a glyceride substrate and hydrogen peroxide produce a peracid with active oxygen from a peracid of at least about 0.5 ppm. Bleaching processes and stain removal capabilities are also disclosed.

Abstract: The inactivation in a laundry solution of a hydrolase enzyme by surfactant is prevented by the presence in the laundry solution of an amount of a non-charged enzyme activating means selected from oily hydrocarbons, hydrolyzable fatty acid ester substrates for the enzyme, e.g., triglycerides, essentially lipophilic organic compounds which are not substrates for the enzyme and which bear a polar substituent, and non-ionic surfactants which lower the oil to enzyme critical minimum molar ratio required to activate the enzyme.

Abstract: Polyglycolate compounds are provided having the general structure: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 10; R is C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, substituted aryl; R' and R" are independently H, C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1-20 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, and NR.sub.3.sup..alpha.+, wherein R.sup..alpha. is C.sub.1-30 alkyl; and L is a leaving group displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When this compound is combined with a source of peroxygen in aqueous solution, then a plurality of stain removing peracids are formed. Such peracids are formed substantially sequentially beginning with the carbonyl adjacent to the leaving group L. Thus, a first stain removing peracid having the structure ##STR2## will be formed in amounts approaching quantitative yield.

Abstract: An enzymatic perhydrolysis system, useful for bleaching, has a novel enzyme, a substrate, and a source of hydrogen peroxide, and provides in situ formation of peracid in aqueous solution. The substrate is selected for enzyme catalyzed reaction, and preferably is an acylglycerol with two or three fatty acid chains. The enzyme is hydrolytically and perhydrolytically active even in the presence of anionic surfactants, has lipase activity, and is isolatable from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 53552.

Abstract: The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure ##STR1## with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Abstract: The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure ##STR1## with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Abstract: Microcapsules having density controlled to be close to that of an aqueous solution are provided which may be dispersed in liquid bleaching solutions and which are useful as coloring or whitening agents.

Abstract: A stable, cooperative enzyme system which is stable under use conditions is disclosed which comprises at least two enzymes having activity towards a relatively complex substrate with at least partial activity over the same pH range, wherein their combined activities are greater than the sum of their individual activities as determined by the formula: ##EQU1## wherein E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are said enzymes. No additional chemical stabilizers, modifiers or activators are added to the enzymes of this invention.Particularly preferred enzymes in this invention are proteases having optimal activity in acidic, neutral or alkaline media, and mixtures of the same.A method of making this cooperative enzyme system is also disclosed.The enzyme systems of this invention have a wide variety of uses in cleaning and other applications.

Abstract: Described herein is a pigment paste for use in an aqueous paint comprising a film-forming latex polymer, a pigment and a dispersant copolymer. Also described is the dispersant copolymer which serves the function of dispersing the pigment in the preparation of the paste and maintaining the dispersion in the paste and paint made therefrom. The dispersant copolymer is such that its complex salt formed with Zn++ and ammonia is water-soluble at a pH of 9.6. The dispersant is a copolymer of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated monovinylidene carboxylic acid and at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The dispersant is particularly adapted to preparing paste for difficult-to-formulate paints such as paints with reactive pigments and paints requiring high levels of dispersant.

Abstract: An improved glossy, aqueous emulsion paint comprised of a mixture of a film-forming latex polymer and dispersed pigment is prepared by incorporating therein, as pigment dispersant, a water-soluble salt of a low molecular weight copolymer of hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: An improved glossy, aqueous emulsion paint comprised of a mixture of a film-forming latex polymer and dispersed pigment is prepared by incorporating therein, as pigment dispersant, a water-soluble salt of a low molecular weight copolymer of hydroxyalkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid and acrylic or methacrylic acid.