Abstract: Ion storage electrodes formed by coating an underlying substrate with a nanofibrillar film of structured conjugate polymer nanofibers and methods of forming such electrodes are described herein. The electrical properties of the electrodes may be customized by modifying the structure of the polymer nanofibers, the thickness of the nanofiber film, and the pore size of the nanofiber films.

Abstract: Ion storage electrodes formed by coating an underlying substrate with a nanofibrillar film of structured conjugate polymer nanofibers and methods of forming such electrodes are described herein. The electrical properties of the electrodes may be customized by modifying the structure of the polymer nanofibers, the thickness of the nanofiber film, and the pore size of the nanofiber films.

Abstract: A bistable electrical device employing a bistable polymer body made from an electrically insulating polymer material in which doped nanofibers are dispersed. The doped nanofibers are composed of an electrically conductive nanofiber material and electrically conductive nanoparticles. The doped nanofibers impart bistable electrical characteristics to the polymer body, such that the polymer body is reversibly convertible between a low resistance state and a high resistance state by application of an electrical voltage.

Abstract: Osmium, when combined with boron alone, or in combination with rhenium, ruthenium or iron, produces compounds that are ultra-hard and incompressible. These osmium diboride compounds are useful as a substitute to for other super or ultra-hard materials that are used in cutting tools and as abrasives. The osmium diboride compounds have the formula OsxM1-xB2 where M is rhenium, ruthenium or iron and x is from 0.01 to 1, except when x is not 1 and M is rhenium, x is from 0.01 to 0.3.

Abstract: A new method for forming stable polyaniline nanofiber colloids uses electrostatic repulsion to maintain dispersion of the nanofibers and prevent aggregation during synthesis of the nanofibers. The colloidal suspensions are formed directly from the reactants in solution maintained at a pH of about 1.0 to about 4.0 and a temperature of about 10° C. to about 100° C. with minimal or no stirring. Also set forth are new methods for forming ultrathin films of polyaniline nanofibers via self-assembly.

Abstract: Polymer nanofibers, such as polyaniline nanofibers, with uniform diameters less than 500 nm can be made in bulk quantities through a facile aqueous and organic interfacial polymerization method at ambient conditions. The nanofibers have lengths varying from 500 nm to 10 ?m and form interconnected networks in a thin film. Thin film nanofiber sensors can be made of the polyaniline nanofibers having superior performance in both sensitivity and time response to a variety of gas vapors including, acids, bases, redox active vapors, alcohols and volatile organic chemicals.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices where networks of molecular nanowires (or nanofibers) are used as the semiconductor material. Field effect transistors are disclosed where networks of molecular nanowires are used to provide the electrical connection between the source and drain electrodes. The molecular nanowires have diameters of less than 500 nm and aspect ratios of at least 10. The molecular nanowires that are used to form the networks can be single element nanowires, Group III-V nanowires, Group II-VI nanowires, metal oxide nanowires, metal chalcogenide nanowires, ternary chalcogenide nanowires and conducting polymer nanowires.

Abstract: The welding of certain polymeric nanofibers can be accomplished by exposure to an intense short burst of light, such as is provided by a camera flash, resulting in an instantaneous melting of the exposed fibers and a welding of the fibers where they are in contact. The preferred nanofibers are composed of conjugated, conducting polymers, and derivatives and polymer blends including such materials. Alternatively, the nanofibers can be composed of colored thermoplastic polymeric fibers or opaque polymers by proper selection of the frequency or frequency range and intensity (power) of the light source. The flash welding process can also be used to weld nanofibers which comprise a blend of polymeric materials where at least one of the materials in the blend used to form the nanofiber is a conductive, conjugated polymer or a suitable colored thermoplastic.

Abstract: A bistable electrical device employing a bistable polymer body made from an electrically insulating polymer material in which doped nanofibers are dispersed. The doped nanofibers are composed of an electrically conductive nanofiber material and electrically conductive nanoparticles. The doped nanofibers impart bistable electrical characteristics to the polymer body, such that the polymer body is reversibly convertible between a low resistance state and a high resistance state by application of an electrical voltage.

Abstract: Polymer nanofibers, such as polyaniline nanofibers, with uniform diameters less than 500 nm can be made in bulk quantities through a facile aqueous and organic interfacial polymerization method at ambient conditions. The nanofibers have lengths varying from 500 nm to 10 ?m and form interconnected networks in a thin film. Thin film nanofiber sensors can be made of the polyaniline nanofibers having superior performance in both sensitivity and time response to a variety of gas vapors including, acids, bases, redox active vapors, alcohols and volatile organic chemicals.

Abstract: Polymer nanofibers, such as polyaniline nanofibers, with uniform diameters less than 500 nm can be made in bulk quantities through a facile aqueous and organic interfacial polymerization method at ambient conditions. The nanofibers have lengths varying from 500 nm to 10 ?m and form interconnected networks in a thin film. Thin film nanofiber sensors can be made of the polyaniline nanofibers having superior performance in both sensitivity and time response to a variety of gas vapors including, acids, bases, redox active vapors, alcohols and volatile organic chemicals.