Abstract: A dialysis system instrument includes a dialysis instrument, a disposable pumping and valving cassette apparatus operable with pumping and valving actuators of the dialysis instrument, the disposable cassette including an electronic cell and electronics associated with the electronic cell, the electronics configured to determine an electrical property of a solution flowing through the electronic cell of the disposable apparatus.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a dialysis fluid carrying element in operable communication with the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; and a logic implementer configured to control the heater using (i) a heater input determined from a dialysis fluid temperature delta and a dialysis fluid flowrate, and (ii) a potential adjustment of the temperature delta using a measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a heating portion of a dialysis fluid carrying set, the heating portion configured to be placed in contact with a surface of the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; a pneumatic source connected to the dialysis fluid heater; and a logic implementer configured to cause the pneumatic source to apply a negative pressure between the heating portion and the surface of the dialysis fluid heater.

Abstract: A dialysate testing method in one embodiment includes placing electrical contacts in a dialysate flow path, measuring an electrical property of the dialysate as it flows through the flow path and past the contacts, and determining whether the dialysate has been mixed properly from the detected electrical property. A dialysate testing method in another embodiment includes flowing dialysate past a pair of electrical contacts, calculating a conductivity of the dialysate using an algorithm that takes into account a geometry of the contacts, and using the calculated conductivity to determine if the dialysate has been removed properly.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a dialysis fluid carrying element in operable communication with the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; and a logic implementer configured to control the heater using (i) a heater input determined from a dialysis fluid temperature delta and a dialysis fluid flowrate, and (ii) a potential adjustment of the temperature delta using a measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature.

Abstract: A dialysis system instrument includes a dialysis instrument, a disposable pumping and valving cassette apparatus operable with pumping and valving actuators of the dialysis instrument, the disposable cassette including an electronic cell and electronics associated with the electronic cell, the electronics configured to determine an electrical property of a solution flowing through the electronic cell of the disposable apparatus.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a heating portion of a dialysis fluid carrying set, the heating portion configured to be placed in contact with a surface of the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; a pneumatic source connected to the dialysis fluid heater; and a logic implementer configured to cause the pneumatic source to apply a negative pressure between the heating portion and the surface of the dialysis fluid heater.

Abstract: A dialysis fluid heating system includes a plurality of conductive tubes; first and second end caps located at first and second ends of the tubes, respectively, the first end cap including a dialysis fluid inlet and a dialysis fluid outlet, the end caps and the tubes configured such that dialysis fluid can flow from the fluid inlet of the first end cap, through at least one first tube to the second end cap, and through at least one second tube back to the first end cap; a conductive wire wound around an outside of the conductive tubes; and electronics configured to supply power to the conductive wire, the wire forming a primary coil of a transformer, the tubes forming a secondary coil of the transformer.