Abstract: A composite, chemically integrated material structure bearing load around a close-loop structural configuration in cross-section, has a plurality of regions through the cross-sectional thickness imparting at selectively predetermined locations within the cross-section, high tensile strength and high compressive strength. A method for forming such an integrated, composite material structure onto and incorporating an established or pre-existing, but likely deteriorated, concrete or brick structure, while achieving precise, predetermined resulting interior diameter and other structural dimensions is described.

Abstract: Sheets of thermoplastic material for lining structural containers and conduits, and having portions of their surfaces at the edges to be joined to each other treated with urethane, are joined and sealed by a strip of polyvinyl chloride, the interacting surface of which is prepared by hydroxyl modification for sealing with the thermoplastic sheets. The joinder is accomplished by a method that dispenses with any necessity of specially treating the surfaces at any prescribed time prior to accomplishing the joinder, and dispenses with any requirement for heat elevation during joinder. A method of joinder with the thermoplastic sheets alone is also shown.

Abstract: A method for protecting and for restoring structural strength and substance to a concrete, fluid containing or conducting structure deteriorated to the condition of removal of substance of the concrete by sulfuric acids and like corrosive material in contact therewith is described by positioning a relatively thin thermoplastic layer of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, injecting a substratum of epoxy foam, polyurethane foam, or a combination thereof between the thermoplastic layer and the deteriorated concrete, and welding the foam to the thermoplastic layer. The product of the process is described.

Abstract: A co-polymer composition for coating porous structural material includes a compatible surfactant resulting in a structural inter-bonding between the coating composition and the structural material. The co-polymer composition cured in a layer of unsupported foam has sufficient strength to be used as a substitute for comparably or larger sized layers of re-enforced concrete for conducting fluids while resisting compressive loads. A co-polymer foam composition for coating structural material cures to have an atmosphere-facing surface that is substantially impervious to corrosive substance penetration.

Abstract: A concrete fluid structure deteriorated to the condition of removal of substance of the concrete by sulfuric acids and like corrosive material in contact therewith is restored by a substratum of epoxy foam, polyurethane foam, or a combination thereof having a relatively thin layer of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene bonded to the outward facing surface of the foam and bonding the layer to the structure. A method for forming the substratum in the location of the deteriorated structure is described.

Abstract: A layer of polyethylene or polyvinal chloride bonded to a layer of polyurethane material in turn bonded to a surface of material such as concrete or metal comprises a combination of a coating and a liner which prevents corrosion of the coated, lined material and is substantially free of pin hole penetrations. A method of spray applying atomized polyurethane material to a surface to be coated, such as concrete or metal, and thereover applying a layer of polyethylene or polyvinal chloride material is described. A machine for spray applying polyurethane material from a nozzle atomizes the polyurethane material at elevated pressures and temperatures.