Abstract: A pneumatic deicing system includes a deicer assembly comprised of an outer layer having a low modulus of elasticity, an inner ply, and a plurality of inflatable members provided therebetween for imposing strain in ice accumulated thereon. The deicer assembly is disposed directly on top of and bonded to the leading edge of an airfoil. The deicer has a plurality of large radius spanwise running inflatable members arranged substantially parallel to the leading edge and a plurality of small radius spanwise running inflatable members arranged substantially parallel to the leading edge and disposed chordwise aft of the large radius spanwise running inflatable members. The small radius inflatable members are covered with a low ice adhesion surface.

Abstract: An ice detector includes a pair of electrodes connected by a pair of leads to a control unit which measures the total impedance between leads to thereby sense and detect the presence of ice and other contaminants formed on top thereof utilizing a comparator circuit. The electrodes are integrated into patch which can be placed at different locations on an aircraft.

Abstract: An aircraft deicing assembly 101 for attachment to an airfoil 99 includes a deflection shell 101 disposed over a deflection means 102. The deflection shell is comprised of a primary layer 116 comprised of a high strength fabric reinforced with a phenolic resin and a backing layer 115 comprised of a high strength fabric reinforced with an epoxy resin. The thickness of the backing layer is varied as a function of curvature of the airfoil and spanwise length of the airfoil.