Abstract: A method, an apparatus (150), and a prefabricated replacement tube (108) are provided for repairing a defect (112) in a tube (102), such as in a waterwall (100). In the method, a replacement tube (108) is prefabricated having a wall (116), a central opening (114) extending through a portion thereof, and a predetermined length. A length of the tube (102), including the defect (112), equal to the predetermined length is removed. The replacement tube (108) is positioned between stubs (126, 128) of the tube (102), and a rotatable torch (152) of an automated welding apparatus (150) inserted through the opening (114) to align with a joint between an end (118, 120) of the replacement tube and a stub (126, 128). The torch (152) is rotated to join it to the stub (126, 128) along the entire joint. The torch (152) is then removed, turned 180 degrees, and reinserted to weld the remaining joint.

Abstract: A method, a apparatus (150) and a prefabricated replacement tube (108) are provided for repairing a defect (112) in a tube (102), such as in a waterwall (100). In the method, a replacement tube (108) is prefabricated having a wall (116), a central opening (114) extending through a portion thereof and a predetermined length. A length of the tube (102), including the defect (112), equal to the predetermined length is removed. The replacement tube (108) is positioned between stubs (126, 128) of the tube (102), and a rotatable torch (152) of an automated welding apparatus (150) inserted through the opening (114) to align with a joint between an end (118, 112) of the replacement tube and a stub (126, 128). The torch (152) is rotated to join it to the stub (126, 128) along the entire joint. The torch (152) is then removed, turned 180 degrees, and reinserted to weld the remaining joint.

Abstract: A method and a copying frame for copying of negative and positive original films, in combination with or without so called masking films, onto a material which is covered with a light sensitive layer, and having a frame rim of a non-transparent material and a glass plate inserted in a recess of said frame rim, and suction channels (9, 14, 17, 18) provided in said frame rim, and in which the copying frame, for making it possible to handle original films both of a "small" size format and of a "large" size format is formed with two sets of suction grooves, namely a) two cooperating, separate, parallel grooves (14) for suction connecting a "small" size original film (23), which grooves have a length matching the the width of said "small" size film format and are arranged along a part of the long sides of the frame rim, and b) two separate and cooperating, mainly C-shaped grooves (17) having the openings thereof facing each other and being arranged for suction connecting an original film of the "large" size film f