Abstract: A fault management system for an access network of a communications network performs a series of tests on each of the lines which extend from a local switch through a series of nodes to user terminal equipment. The results of the tests are analyzed with respect to a set of parameters to identify characteristics indicating that a fault is likely to occur on the associated circuit within a predetermined period, e.g., 1 year. Further analysis is then carried out to establish the location of the faults in the network by measuring the degree of clustering of faults around network nodes.

Abstract: A fault management system is directed to the access network part of a communications network where terminating lines in the form of pairs of copper wires extend from a local switch through a series of nodes to terminal equipment provided for user of the network. Each night, a test head performs a series of tests on each of the terminating lines. The results of the tests are transmitted to an access network management system where they are analyzed with respect to a set of parameters to identify characteristics that would indicate that a fault is likely to occur on the associated circuit within a predetermined period e.g. 1 year. Further analysis can then be carried out to establish the probability of the fault actually occurring and/or whether the potential fault analyzed is going to occur in either the underground or the over-ground part of the network. Further analysis determines relative costs of repair for circuits or network elements in which faults or potential faults have been identified.

Abstract: A fault management system is operated for an access network which forms part of a communications network. In the access network, terminating lines in the form of pairs of copper wires extend from a local switch through a series of nodes to terminal equipment provided for users of the network. The fault management system includes a test head and an access network system. Each night, the test head performs a series of tests on each of the terminating lines. The results of the tests are transmitted to the access network management. The test results are then analyzed with respect to a set of parameters to identify characteristics that would indicate that a fault is likely to occur on the associated circuit within a predetermined period e.g. 1 year. Further analysis can then be carried out to establish the probability of the fault actually occurring and/or whether the potential fault analyzed is going to occur in either the underground or the over-ground part of the network.

Abstract: There is described a method of operating a fault management system for an access network which forms part of a communications network. In the access network, terminating lines in the form of pairs of wires extend from a local switch (10) through a series of nodes to terminal equipment provided for user of the network. Each night, system performs a series of tests on each of the lines. The results of the tests then analysed with respect of a set of parameter to identify characteristics that would indicate that a fault is likely to occur on the associated circuit within a predetermined period e.g. 1 year. Further analysis is then be carried out to establish the location of the faults in the network by measuring the degree of clustering of faults around network nodes.

Abstract: There is described a method of operating a fault management system for an access network which forms part of a communications network. In the access network, terminating lines in the form of pairs of copper wires extend from a local switch (10) through a series of nodes to terminal equipment provided for user of the network. The fault management system includes a test head (104) and an access network management system (102).

Abstract: There is described a method of operating a fault management system for an access network which forms part of a communications network. In the access network, terminating lines in the form of pairs of copper wires extend from a local switch (10) through a series of nodes to terminal equipment provided for user of the network. The fault management system includes a test head (104) and an access network management system (102).

Abstract: A fabric brace used in supporting a human wrist having a main enclosure body with a slip-on elastic sleeve formed thereon by a wide fabric strip. An adjustable thumb engagement strap and restraint engagement strap together tighten the brace about the human wrist and hand. Stiffening insert bars are positioned in pockets in the enclosure body. The wrist engagement strap provides an enlarged area of contact with the enclosure body so as to adjustably position and effectively hold the brace about the user's wrist.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid reservoir system has a flow line for circulating a portion of the aqueous liquid from the reservoir and returning such aqueous liquid back to the reservoir. The flow line has an injection means for inducing quantities of pH affecting liquid into the flow line. A pH probe means is coupled to the flow line upstream of the injection means for detecting the pH of the aqueous liquid from the reservoir. The system includes a computer control which compares the pH from the pH probe means with a preselected pH and activates dispensing means to provide a measured quantity of pH affecting liquid for injecting into the flow line responsive to aqueous liquid flowing therein to maintain the pH of the aqueous liquid within the preselected pH tolerance. The measured quantities of pH affecting liquid are provided by a control chamber means having a gravitational feed system for the pH affecting liquid.

Abstract: A lamp shade assembly is disclosed that is aesthetically pleasing, easy to assemble and one which may be utilized in a variety of orientations to provide either direct or indirect lighting. The assembly has a shade body member having a generally conical configuration which may be attached to a lamp socket. A lamp shade, which may be made of a flexible, expandible material is initially formed in a cylindrical configuration wherein the diameter is less than the maximum diameter of the conical body member, and one end of the shade is placed into the body member. A retaining member is inserted into the interior of the lamp shade so as to urge a portion of the outer surface of the lamp shade material into contact with an inner surface of the body member, thereby forming the lamp shade into a generally conical configuration. A locking collar, threadingly engaged with a lamp socket, holds the retaining member in place against the inner surface of the lamp shade.

Abstract: A gravity system, the only moving parts of which are the valves, uses only the system pressures, and opening and closing of valves to feed treatment liquids to an oil well. The chemical treatment liquid is stored in a drum above a volume chamber. The volume chamber has five lines connected to it, each with a valve. A feed line with a feed valve connects the volume chamber to the treatment drum. A vent line with a vent valve vents the top part of the volume chamber to the atmosphere. A liquid pressure line with a pressure valve connects the flow line (connected to the oil well eduction tube) to the volume chamber. A flush line with a flush valve connects the bottom of the volume chamber to the well annulus. A gas line with a gas valve connects the volume chamber to the annulus. When the vent valve and feed valve are open and all other valves are closed, the volume chamber will fill with liquid by gravity from the chemicals within the treatment drum.

Abstract: A gravity system, the only moving parts of which are the valves, uses only the system pressures, and opening and closing of valves to feed treatment liquids to an oil well. The chemical treatment liquid is stored in a drum above a volume chamber. The volume chamber has five lines connected to it, each with a valve. A feed line with a feed valve connects the volume chamber to the treatment drum. A vent line with a vent valve vents the top part of the volume chamber to the atmosphere. A liquid pressure line with a pressure valve connects the flow line (connected to the oil well eduction tube) to the volume chamber. A flush line with a flush valve connects the bottom of the volume chamber to the well annulus. A gas line with a gas valve connects the volume chamber to the annulus. When the vent valve and feed valve are open and all other valves are closed, the volume chamber will fill with liquid by gravity from the chemicals within the treatment drum.