Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a system for enabling an electronic transaction for a purchase based on wireless communication is provided. The system includes at least one transceiver and an electronic authentication card. The electronic authentication card includes the at least one transceiver to initiate a purchase for a user. The electronic authentication card is programmed to wirelessly receive a plurality of wireless signals from at least one transmitter and process the plurality of wireless signals to generate first information indicative of a location of the electronic authentication card. The electronic authentication card is further programmed to wirelessly transmit the first information to a server and to wirelessly receive location coordinates from the server identifying the location of the electronic authentication card based on the first information.

Abstract: A pulse code analyzer for analyzing data transmitted by transmitter/receivers on a transmission facility interconnecting the transmitter/receivers. The analyzer apparatus has a data converter with a reference and an auxiliary channel for receiving the data and clock apparatus for recovering a clock signal from the data and generating variable time delayed subtone clock signals to the data converter reference and auxiliary channels. Processor apparatus coupled to the data converter and clock means controls a time delay between the subtone clock signals and the voltage level of data received by the channels to detect errors occurring in the received data and records the detected errors in counter apparatus coupled to the data converter channels and clock apparatus. The processor apparatus records a three dimensional matrix of the recorded errors determining a probability predicting the data errors.

Abstract: Apparatus for recovering clock and data signals from received transmission line information and for regenerating the recovered clock and data signals and for detecting a loss of signal and predicting a probability of noise in a transmission system from errors occurring in the received transmission line information.

Abstract: A pulse code analyzer for analyzing data transmitted by transmitter/receivers on a transmission facility interconnecting the transmitter/receivers. The analyzer apparatus has a data converter with a reference and an auxiliary channel for receiving the data and clock apparatus for recovering a clock signal from the data and generating variable time delayed subtone clock signals to the data converter reference and auxiliary channels. Processor apparatus coupled to the data converter and clock means controls a time delay between the subtone clock signals and the voltage level of data received by the channels to detect errors occurring in the received data and records the detected errors in counter apparatus coupled to the data converter channels and clock apparatus. The processor apparatus records a three dimensional matrix of the recorded errors determining a probability predicting the data errors.

Abstract: A thin film flexible multi-conductor transmission line having a ground plane deposited on one surface of a flexible thin film insulating member and an array of conductors and pairs of conductors deposited on another surface of the insulating member opposite the ground plane. An electrical shield is positioned above the conductor array to reduce radiation emissions from the conductors into the surrounding environment and to minimize noise sensitivity of the conductors from external emission sources. Insulating material is positioned about sides of and in between the conductors and the shield wherein a ratio of the insulating material height to a height of the conductors is selected at predetermined values and which supports the shield independent of the conductors and insulates each conductor and the conductor array from the shield.

Abstract: A microdevice in the form of an electrical switch. A microdevice for providing switching at a high repetition rate, including a cell divided into two chambers by a bistable movable membrane. A charge of gas in the cell and a source for directly heating the gas to increase the gas pressure and move the membrane, the source for heating including a pulsed source for generating transient gas pressure increases, with the cell including an arrangement for cooling the gas for reducing the gas pressure after an increase.

Abstract: Improved heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) are disclosed. Inventive devices can attain high cut-off frequency (f.sub.T), exemplarily 80 GHz or higher, and high DC current gain (.beta.), exemplarily 25 or higher. The devices exhibit lateral scaling, permitting reduction in emitter stripe width without unacceptable decrease in .beta.. Exemplarily the stripe width is 1 .mu.m or less. The inventive HBTs are hot electron devices, with the hot electrons in the base region being spatially confined such that relatively few electrons reach the surface of the extrinsic base region. The relatively low bulk and surface recombination rate in the base of inventive HBTs is an important aspect of the invention and makes possible devices having relatively high .beta. and low power consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus, exemplarily an electronic switching machine, that comprises novel and advantageous optical interconnection means. In particular, the apparatus comprises one or more digital electronic gates, and the output of the gate or gates is applied, without intervening amplifications, to a semiconductor laser whose radiation output is responsive to the applied electrical signal. The laser exemplarily is a quantum well laser of the type disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 407,608, U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,878, comprising at least one gain section and at least one loss section. The electrical output of the gate or gates is connected to the at least one loss section. Due to the ability of such lasers to be switched by means of a relatively very small current through the loss section, conventionally used drive amplifiers are not required in apparatus according to the invention, resulting in significantly reduced complexity and cost.

Abstract: A method of passivating a gallium arsenide electronic device by depositing a sulfide film on a portion on the substrate to be passivated for providing an ideal interface layer wherein surface state density is substantially reduced. The resulting electrical performance of the device is significantly greater than similar devices which have not been subject to passivation. The device may be a heterojunction bipolar transistor, PIN diode or field effect transistor.