Abstract: Disclosed is a monopolar membrane cell in which identical anode and cathode pans are stamped from bimetallic laminate material in which an electrolyte resistant material is utilized on the inside of the electrolytic cell and a highly conductive metal is utilized on the outside thereof. This design results in a substantial lowering of the voltage drop due to resistance through the anode and cathode pans of membrane cells.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode assembly for use in electrolytic cells, and apparatus for forming such assemblies. The anode assembly comprises an anode riser to which is joined a parallel pair of metal sheets which form anode surfaces. The sheets are joined to the riser by connecting means which permit movement of the sheets toward and away from one another while maintaining their parallel relationship. Additionally, the connecting means is such that it maintains a tension on the sheets to prevent them from warping or assuming a non-planar configuration. The disclosed apparatus permits assembly of the sheets to the riser in a simple, rapid manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for converting box form dimensionally stable anodes to the more useful and energy-saving expandable type. In one embodiment, anode box plates are cut off the anode riser at the closest point thereto. Expander springs are then attached to the anode riser and the anode box plates which have been cut into quarter panels, sized and spliced together to form new anode plates are rewelded to the expander springs. Alternatively, the method comprises the steps of cutting away only the end portions of the box anode structure and bending remaining portions of the anode screens into a spring form similar to expander springs and attaching a new pair of anode plates or screens to adjacent pairs of these newly formed springs. The anodes may then be substituted in a diaphragm-type electrolytic cell for the production of alkali metal hydroxides and halogen and the energy savings associated with the use of expandable anodes may thereby be realized.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode assembly for use in electrolytic cells, and apparatus for forming such assemblies. The anode assembly comprises an anode riser to which is joined a parallel pair of metal sheets which form anode surfaces. The sheets are joined to the riser by connecting means which permit movement of the sheets toward and away from one another while maintaining their parallel relationship. Additionally, the connecting means is such that it maintains a tension on the sheets to prevent them from warping or assuming a non-planar configuration. The disclosed apparatus permits assembly of the sheets to the riser in a simple, rapid manner.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode for use in electrolytic cells, as well as a method and apparatus for forming the same. The anode is characterized in that its anode surfaces are formed from two sheets of metal having the same configuration and joined to an anode riser such that all weld joints are symmetrically located relative to the axis of the riser. The disclosed method involves a sequence of clamping all components during welding and maintains the various surfaces planar to eliminate warpage. The disclosed apparatus permits the various steps of the method to be carried out simply and rapidly.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode assembly for use in electrolytic cells, and apparatus for forming such assemblies. The anode assembly comprises an anode riser to which is joined a parallel pair of metal sheets which form anode surfaces. The sheets are joined to the riser by connecting means which permit movement of the sheets toward and away from one another while maintaining their parallel relationship. Additionally, the connecting means is such that it maintains a tension on the sheets to prevent them from warping or assuming a non-planar configuration. The disclosed apparatus permits assembly of the sheets to the riser in a simple, rapid manner.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode for use in electrolytic cells, as well as a method and apparatus for forming the same. The anode is characterized in that its anode surfaces are formed from two sheets of metal having the same configuration and joined to an anode riser such that all weld joints are symmetrically located relative to the axis of the riser. The disclosed method involves a sequence of clamping all components during welding and maintains the various surfaces planar to eliminate warpage. The disclosed apparatus permits the various steps of the method to be carried out simply and rapidly.