Abstract: A fluid treatment device includes an AC power source connected to first, second and third conductors. A electromagnetic field generating device is positioned adjacent to a fluid conduit, electrically connected to the first and third conductors to form a first circuit. A second electromagnetic field generating device is positioned adjacent to a second fluid conduit, electrically connected to the second and third electrical conductors to form a second circuit. A circuit element in the first circuit initiates a high frequency electromagnetic field at said first electromagnetic field generating device during a first half of the AC wave form in the first circuit, and a circuit element in the second circuit initiates a high frequency electromagnetic field at said first electromagnetic field generating device during a second half of the AC wave form in the second circuit.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler and method of operation is provided in which the cooler includes a liquid distributor, a body having a surface for receiving liquid from the distributor, an air moving device for generating a flow of air over the surface of the body, a heat transfer working fluid conduit having a surface arranged to receive substantially all of the liquid from the body and a liquid recirculating mechanism to recirculate the liquid from the conduit surface to the body surface. In an embodiment the body occupies a plan area larger than the plan area occupied by the conduit. In an embodiment, the conduit is located outside of the flow of air. In an embodiment, the velocity of the liquid is increased after it leaves the body and before it engages the conduit.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler and method of operation is provided in which the cooler includes a liquid distributor, a body having a surface for receiving liquid from the distributor, an air moving device for generating a flow of air over the surface of the body, a heat transfer working fluid conduit having a surface arranged to receive substantially all of the liquid from the body and a liquid recirculating mechanism to recirculate the liquid from the conduit surface to the body surface. In an embodiment the body occupies a plan area larger than the plan area occupied by the conduit. In an embodiment, the conduit is located outside of the flow of air. In an embodiment, the velocity of the liquid is increased after it leaves the body and before it engages the conduit.

Abstract: An increased capacity thermal storage apparatus for forming frozen storage liquid during a storage cycle is provided. The apparatus comprises a container for holding a pool of storage liquid. A coil assembly having a plurality of tubes is immersed in the pool storage liquid. The tubes are adapted to transport a refrigerant therethrough to create a tubular envelope of frozen storage liquid around each tube during the storage cycle. Each tube has a non-circular cross-section with a horizontal dimension and a vertical dimension. The vertical dimension is greater than or equal to the horizontal dimension. The tubes are oriented generally horizontally and are arranged in a plurality of spaced apart, generally vertical rows. Neighboring tubes in adjacent vertical rows are horizontally spaced apart sufficiently such that unfrozen, generally vertical passageways remain between the envelopes of frozen storage liquid.

Abstract: A coil assembly for use in a heat exchanger having air flowing in a predetermined direction. The coil assembly comprises a plurality of parallel linear tubes, a plurality of return tubes interconnecting the linear tubes, and a plurality of fins. Each linear tube has a central portion with an elliptical cross-section and two end portions with round female sockets having circular cross-sections. Each return tube has two end portions with circular cross-sections. Each end portion of a return tube fits into a round female socket of a linear tube regardless of the orientation of the major axes of the linear tubes. The major axis of the elliptical cross-section resides at an oblique angle with respect to the direction of air flow. Each fin comprises a planar sheet of a heat-conductive material with a plurality of holes. The central portion of a linear tube extends through each hole. Each fin securely contacts each linear tube extending therethrough such that heat transfer therebetween is enhanced.

Abstract: A coil assembly for use in a heat exchanger having air flowing in a predetermined direction. The coil assembly comprises a plurality of parallel linear tubes, a plurality of return tubes interconnecting the linear tubes, and a plurality of fins. Each linear tube has a central portion with an elliptical cross-section and two end portions with round female sockets having circular cross-sections. Each return tube has two end portions with circular cross-sections. Each end portion of a return tube fits into a round female socket of a linear tube regardless of the orientation of the major axes of the linear tubes. The major axis of the elliptical cross-section resides at an oblique angle with respect to the direction of air flow. Each fin comprises a planar sheet of a heat-conductive material with a plurality of holes. The central portion of a linear tube extends through each hole. Each fin securely contacts each linear tube extending therethrough such that heat transfer therebetween is enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coil assembly for use in an evaporative parallel flow or counterflow heat exchanger wherein the heat exchanger comprises a conduit oriented in a vertical direction through which external heat exchange fluids flow in a generally vertical direction, the coil assembly being mountable within the conduit, the coil assembly comprising inlet and outlet manifolds and a plurality of tubes connecting the manifolds, the tubes including bights and segments extending generally horizontally across the conduit and connected to at least one bight, the bights being oriented vertically and connecting segments of the tube at different levels within the conduit, the bights of adjacent tubes being in contact with each other, the segments having a generally elliptical cross sectional shape such that the segments of adjacent tubes are spaced from each other in a direction generally normal to the flow direction.

Abstract: An injector type cooling apparatus is disclosed wherein multiple flat liquid sprays are directed into a conduit of uniform cross-section to draw cooling air into and through the conduit for mixture with and heat transfer from the liquid. The discharge end of the conduit is fitted with mist eliminators, in addition, holes or slots fitted with mist eliminators are provided in the conduit roof or sides downstream of the liquid sprays. These holes or slots cause increased air flow which results in improved cooling apparatus performance.