Abstract: A strontium colloid system is introduced into a hydrocarbon conversion process to suppress the harmful effects of one or more metal contaminants in the hydrocarbon feedstock on the active component(s) of the catalyst used in said process. The strontium compound in the colloid system reacts with or traps the metal contaminants before they contact the active component(s) of said catalyst, thereby reducing catalyst deactivation, coke make and hydrogen production relative to that obtained had said compound been introduced into the process in non-colloid form. In a preferred embodiment, the strontium colloid system is introduced into the reaction zone of said process and, preferably, with at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock to said process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition of matter comprising an ammonium tetrathiovanadate having the following formula:(R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 N).sub.3 VS.sub.4wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 may each be independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms or an aryl or alkylaryl group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. The preferred composition comprises (trioctyl-methylammonium).sub.3 VS.sub.4.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for pretreating oil-shale such that upon subsequent processing the shale-oil obtained is substantially free of arsenic. The pretreatment comprises heating the oil-shale in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature from about 200.degree. C. to about retorting temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for converting solid carbonaceous material, such as oil-shale, to a discriminate range of liquid and gaseous products, which process includes treating the carbonaceous material with an inert gas, at relatively short gas and long solids residence times in two or more temperature zones.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for converting solid carbonaceous material, such as coal and oil-shale, to a discriminate range of liquid and gaseous products, which process comprises treating the carbonaceous material with a hydrogen-containing gas at short gas and long solids residence times in two or more temperature zones.

Abstract: Carbonous materials such as subbituminous coal, oil-shale, lignite and peat are converted to liquid and gaseous products by (a) impregnating the material with a water soluble salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron and zinc, (b) precipitating said metal in as its oxide or a form which can be readily converted to its oxide, and (c) pyrolyzing the treated material at a temperature from about 400.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. at short gas residence times and long solids residence times.

Abstract: A polymeric substance, i.e. poly(isomerized C.sub.12 -C.sub.50 monoolefin), alone or as the alkylation derivative of an aromatic compound in combination with a lubricating oil pour depressant having pendant alkyl groups of 6 to 32 carbon atoms are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon oils.