Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling energy from a transmission line is provided. The apparatus includes a contact designed to “tap” into an inner conductor of the transmission line 100 through an aperture in an outer conductor of the transmission line. A portion of the contact may be coiled (e.g., a spring) and the coil's characteristics may be varied to control the insertion loss and coupling loss of the apparatus. For example, the wire size, coil diameter, number of turns, and pitch design of the coil may be controlled. The apparatus may also include a secondary transmission line connected to the coil and the secondary transmission line may allow additional control over the coupled energy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling energy from a transmission line is provided. The apparatus includes a contact designed to “tap” into an inner conductor of the transmission line 100 through an aperture in an outer conductor of the transmission line. A portion of the contact may be coiled (e.g., a spring) and the coil's characteristics may be varied to control the insertion loss and coupling loss of the apparatus. For example, the wire size, coil diameter, number of turns, and pitch design of the coil may be controlled. The apparatus may also include a secondary transmission line connected to the coil and the secondary transmission line may allow additional control over the coupled energy.

Abstract: A coupler for coupling a selected amount of energy from a transmission line 100 includes a contact 104 for contacting an inner conductor 102 of transmission line 100 through an aperature through an outer conductor of transmission line 100. A wire 106 of a preselected configuration is coupled to contact 104 and is spaced from a ground plane 108 to create a selected parasitic capacitance, the configuration of wire 106 defining a center frequency of the coupler. Coupler also includes a connector 110 having an inner conductor 111 coupled to wire 106.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables. The tap comprises a an impedance transformer, means for connecting said impedance transformer to said first cable, and means for connecting said impedance transformer to said second cable.

Abstract: A tap for coupling electromagnetic energy between first and second coaxial cables. The tap comprises a pair of coupled transmission lines, means for connecting said transmission lines to said first cable, and means for connecting said transmission lines to said second cable.

Abstract: A tone detector is connected or otherwise associated with an outgoing telephone trunk line adapted to be included in a toll path. One or more frequency or tone signals are sent over the trunk line for signaling and control during a toll call. If these tone signals appear at a point on the trunk line where the toll call remains under the control of d.c. signals, they must be fraudulent since there is no preceding equipment which is adapted to send valid tone signals. Therefore, a tone detector may be connected to that point in order to drop or otherwise block any calls during which the fraudulent tone signals appear. The toll fraud eliminator is particularly -- but not exclusively -- useful for preventing employment of a "blue box" during toll calls. The tone detector uses two multivibrators which operate at an upper and a lower threshold frequency respectively.