Abstract: In some aspects, methods for providing a uniform shield gas flow for an air-cooled plasma arc torch can include supplying a shield gas to a shield gas flow channel defined by an exterior surface of a nozzle and an interior surface of a shield; flowing the shield gas along the shield gas flow channel; reversing the flow of the shield gas along the shield gas flow channel using a recombination region, the recombination region comprising at least one flow reversing member; and flowing the shield gas from the mixing region to an exit orifice of the shield, thereby producing a substantially uniform shield gas flow at the exit orifice.

Abstract: In some aspects, methods for providing a uniform shield gas flow for an air-cooled plasma arc torch can include supplying a shield gas to a shield gas flow channel defined by an exterior surface of a nozzle and an interior surface of a shield; flowing the shield gas along the shield gas flow channel; reversing the flow of the shield gas along the shield gas flow channel using a recombination region, the recombination region comprising at least one flow reversing member; and flowing the shield gas from the mixing region to an exit orifice of the shield, thereby producing a substantially uniform shield gas flow at the exit orifice.

Abstract: The training device has a u shaped base comprised of a adjustable toe board strip, which is used to promote balance on the balls of the feet and keep the training device from tipping over. The adjustable knee brace, attached to one of three vertical mast, is positioned on the side of the body producing the back swing. The knee brace, contacts the side and back of knee, supporting the proper angle of the knee while controlling lateral and vertical movement. Adjustable upper support assembly, telescoping lateral bar, positions golfer in center of device. Telescoping horizontal back bar in conjunction with angled side bar, contact the lower lumbar of back and hips on side of body producing back swing, effectively controlling lateral and vertical movement. A angled padded vertical bar, positioned in the centered of the back promotes the proper spine angle and allows golfer to stay centered by rotating the upper body around the bar as axis of spine and clearing in the follow thru swing.