Abstract: A shaped pulse generation circuit for applications such as automatic test equipment pin drivers employs an active feedback circuit that adds a pre-emphasis to the output pulses, thereby compensating for the effect of the transmission system between the pin driver and the device under test. Current pulses are applied to the pin driver output transistors in conjunction with the production of rising and falling output pulse edges to produce edge overshoots that are mitigated during pulse transit to the device under test. The driver circuit together with the pre-emphasis active feedback circuit can be integrated onto a single chip, with an additional programming circuit employed to control the amount of pre-emphasis.

Abstract: A laparoscope for performing laparoscopic surgery is shown. The laparoscope includes a rigid elongated sheath tube having a selected length, a distal section and a proximal section. The distal section has a distal tip which includes a fluid tight transparent member, such as a distal lens, which is capable of passing an optical image. The transparent member has an exterior surface located at the distal tip. The laparoscope includes a fluid flow channel which terminates in a nozzle located at the distal tip for directing a fluid flow across the exterior surface of the transparent member to remove image impeding material therefrom such as per example organic material. The laparoscope further includes a first channel which terminates in an orifice which is capable of directing a flow of irrigation fluid along a selected path which, in the preferred embodiment, is a path substantially in alignment with the direction of view of the laparoscope.