Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A plurality of proppants can include a plurality of particles and a cured composite resin, a curable composite resin, or a mixture of a cured composite resin and a curable composite resin disposed on each particle of the plurality of particles. The cured composite resin, prior to being cured, and the curable composite resin can each include a phenol-formaldehyde resin and an aluminosilicate clay, e.g., halloysite. The aluminosilicate clay can include a plurality of hollow tubular structures that can have an average exterior diameter of about 20 nm to about 200 nm and an average length of about 0.25 ?m to about 10 ?m.

Abstract: Treated aldehyde-based resins containing one or more polyamines and methods for making and same. The treated aldehyde-based resin can be or include an aldehyde-based resin and a polyamine. The polyamine can be or include one or more aromatic polyamines, one or more poly(C2-C5 alkylene) polyamines, or a mixture thereof. The treated aldehyde-based resin can include about 0.05 wt % to about 10 wt % of the polyamine, based on a solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin.

Abstract: Coated proppants can include a plurality of particles and one or more cured resin at least partially encasing or coating each of the particles. The cured resin, prior to curing, can be or include one or more treated aldehyde-based resins that can include one or more aldehyde-based resins and one or more polyamines. The polyamine can be or include one or more aromatic polyamines, one or more poly(C2-C5 alkylene) polyamines, or a mixture thereof. The coated proppant can have a dry crush strength of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % at a pressure of about 55.2 MPa, based on the Proppant Crush Resistance Test Procedure under ISO 13503-2:2011.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Treated aldehyde-based resins containing one or more polyamines and methods for making and same. The treated aldehyde-based resin can be or include an aldehyde-based resin and a polyamine. The polyamine can be or include one or more aromatic polyamines, one or more poly(C2-C5 alkylene) polyamines, or a mixture thereof. The treated aldehyde-based resin can include about 0.05 wt % to about 10 wt % of the polyamine, based on a solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin.

Abstract: Coated proppants can include a plurality of particles and one or more cured resin at least partially encasing or coating each of the particles. The cured resin, prior to curing, can be or include one or more treated aldehyde-based resins that can include one or more aldehyde-based resins and one or more polyamines. The polyamine can be or include one or more aromatic polyamines, one or more poly(C2-C5 alkylene) polyamines, or a mixture thereof. The coated proppant can have a dry crush strength of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % at a pressure of about 55.2 MPa, based on the Proppant Crush Resistance Test Procedure under ISO 13503-2:2011.

Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin having a low concentration of free phenol prepared by distilling residual phenol from a molten novolac resin and replacing at least a portion of the phenol with a solvent having a volatility equal to or less than phenol. Such modified novolac resins are suitable for the production of resin coated molding sands for shell molding and sand cores, as well as for the production of resin coated proppants for use in oil and gas recovery operations.

Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin having a low concentration of free phenol prepared by distilling residual phenol from a molten novolac resin and replacing at least a portion of the phenol with a solvent having a volatility equal to or less than phenol. Such modified novolac resins are suitable for the production of resin coated molding sands for shell molding and sand cores, as well as for the production of resin coated proppants for use in oil and gas recovery operations.

Abstract: Coated proppants that include hyperbranched polyurethane coatings and methods for making and using same. The coated proppant can include a particle and a polyurethane coating at least partially encasing the particle. The polyurethane coating can include a reaction product of a hyperbranched polyol and a polyisocyanate. The hyperbranched polyol can include a reaction product of a chain extender and a polyol monomer. The coated proppant can have a dry crush strength of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % at a pressure of about 96.5 MPa, based on the Proppant Crush Resistance Test Procedure under ISO 13503-2:2011.

Abstract: Emulsifier particles and methods for making and using same. The emulsifier particles can include an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate, an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil, or a blend of an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid terminated fatty amine condensate and an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of a modified tall oil. The emulsifier particles can have a BET specific surface area of about 0.3 m2/g to about 1 m2/g. The method for making the emulsifier particles can include reducing a size of an emulsifier solid via a mechanical attrition process to produce the emulsifier particles.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin having a low concentration of free phenol prepared by distilling residual phenol from a molten novolac resin and replacing at least a portion of the phenol with a solvent having a volatility equal to or less than phenol. Such modified novolac resins are suitable for the production of resin coated molding sands for shell molding and sand cores, as well as for the production of resin coated proppants for use in oil and gas recovery operations.

Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin having a low concentration of free phenol prepared by distilling residual phenol from a molten novolac resin and replacing at least a portion of the phenol with a solvent having a volatility equal to or less than phenol. Such modified novolac resins are suitable for the production of resin coated molding sands for shell molding and sand cores, as well as for the production of resin coated proppants for use in oil and gas recovery operations.

Abstract: Amine-aldehyde resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants in the separation of bitumen from sand and/or clay or in the beneficiation of clay (e.g., kaolin clay) from an impure clay-containing ore. The resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to remove solid particulates, as well as for removing metallic ions in the purification of water.

Abstract: A phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin having a low concentration of free phenol prepared by distilling residual phenol from a molten novolac resin and replacing at least a portion of the phenol with a solvent having a volatility equal to or less than phenol. Such modified novolac resins are suitable for the production of resin coated molding sands for shell molding and sand cores, as well as for the production of resin coated proppants for use in oil and gas recovery operations.

Abstract: Phenolic resin binder systems for sand molds, used in metal casting, which improve the quality of thermally reclaimed sand, are described. The substantial or complete elimination of calcium compounds (e.g., calcium stearate and calcium hydroxide, conventionally employed as a mold lubricant and a resin curing catalyst, respectively) allows the thermally reclaimed sand to be reused over multiple thermal reclamation cycles without the adverse effects previously encountered.

Abstract: The present invention provides thermoplastic coated proppants and methods for preparing the thermoplastic coated proppants. Methods for using these proppants in subterranean well formations and hydraulic fracturing operations, for example, are also disclosed.