Abstract: A method for oral sampling and rapid, specific detection of the urease activity associated with H. pylori infection in humans without the need for sample incubation. The method involves the steps of gargling, or gargling and rinsing the mouth with a measured volume of sampling liquid with known characteristics; retrieving an oral liquid sample 10 into a collection container 12; acidifying the oral liquid sample; and contacting the oral liquid sample within the collection container with a urease detecting pad 14 containing urease substrate for detection of urease activity present in the oral liquid sample. The urease detecting pad can contain pH indicator for visual identification of color change associated with presence of urease activity in the oral liquid sample. The method provides for sampling of both the pharynx and mouth of the human, either separately or combined for diagnosis.