Abstract: A first plurality of spaced radar ground systems and a second plurality of radar ground systems positioned in between adjacent pairs of the first systems. The first systems, when employed in an early warning radar chain, preferably have antennas which are mechanically rotatable. The second systems are then provided with phased arrays to enable two-way communication without it being necessary to stop any scanning movement of a corresponding first system antenna.

Abstract: A first plurality of spaced radar ground systems and a second plurality of radar ground systems positioned in between adjacent pairs of the first systems. The first systems, when employed in an early warning radar chain, preferably have antennas which are mechanically rotatable. The second systems are then provided with phased arrays to enable two-way communication without it being necessary to stop any scanning movement of a corresponding first system antenna.

Abstract: A high voltage pulse clipper for stabilizing the amplitude of successive pulses applied, for example, as modulator pulses to a microwave transmitter. A source of such pulses has its output connected across a capacitor through a series diode whereby the capacitor charge acts as a back bias for the diode. The ground potential side of the capacitor includes a circuit which adds a voltage in opposition to that extant across the capacitor to equalize the capacitor error voltage resulting from variations of the input pulse amplitude and pulse spacing.

Abstract: A pulse modulator for a radar system employing resonant charging of a pulse forming network and circuits for periodically discharging the network to form a power pulse applied to a microwave transmitter such as a magnetron, for example. The system includes circuits for controlling the pulse forming network charge effective at a time ahead of the discharging of the network, thereby to stabilize (regulate) the power pulse amplitude. The circuits shown provide for introduction of an increment of charge current independently of the resonant charging current of a magnitude determined by evaluation of the pulse forming network terminal voltage.

Abstract: A regulated power supply for high voltage pulsed loads. An AC main or inverter circuit feeds the primary of a transformer which has a tapped secondary. The full secondary voltage is rectified through a diode to charge a main capacitor through a ground-end, low-voltage solid state control circuit. A sensing circuit detects the desired level of main capacitor charge and controls the solid state conductive element into current cutoff, by injecting a voltage step which holds off further main capacitor charging until the next load current pulse. The solid state circuits control operate at low level (ground-end of the high voltage main capacitor) and residual power supply energy is automatically shunted to an unregulated tapped output.

Abstract: A high efficiency regulated heater power supply which avoids the interactive effects of varying magnetic field around the heater on tube operating parameters. The technique employed is to "chop" the low frequency (typically, 60 Hz) supply at a high frequency 10 kHz, for example, rate. Regulation is accomplished by sensing RMS voltage across the heater (filament) and adjusting the "chopping" duty cycle to maintain constant RMS heater voltage. The aforementioned magnetic field effects are prevented by synchronizing the "chopping" frequency with the tube pulse rate, such that the tube heater (filament) is actually deenergized and operating on thermal inertia only during tube pulsed operation.

Abstract: A device for precise vernier control of the net charge on the high-voltage filter capacitor in a high voltage, high energy power supply through control of the charge on a low-voltage capacitor in series with the grounded end of the main high-voltage filter/storage capacitor of a power supply. Current in this series capacitor arrangement is detected bidirectionally by a current transformer, the output of which is time-integrated. An error signal is detected by a reference amplifier through comparison of the instantaneous low-voltage (bootstrap) capacitor with the integrated value, the latter being a precise analog of the high voltage across the filter capacitor. The bootstrap signal in current amplified form is fed back (in the proper sense) from the output of this comparison to the low-voltage capacitor. Since the net high voltage is the algebraic sum of the voltages on the main filter capacitor and this bootstrap capacitor, the high voltage is thereby controlled or regulated on a pulse-to-pulse basis.

Abstract: A regulating charging circuit for the pulse-forming network in a line-type pulse modulator, such as commonly found in pulsed radar systems. A charging inductor is the primary of a transformer, the secondary of which is open-circuited until the resonant charge of the pulsed-forming network reaches a predetermined voltage. At that time, a sensor generates a trigger enabling a solid state device, of the thyristor genera, to connect the secondary of the charging inductor/transformer to a step-up network, including a second transformer. The output of the step-up network is fed through a diode into the filter/storage capacitor of the high voltage power supply from which the charging inductor draws current. The unused charging conductor energy is thereby recovered and used to help recharge the filter/storage capacitor. The combination including the step-up network relieves the thyristor and control circuits from the requirement of controlling high voltages.

Abstract: A device for coupling a signal value out of a circuit which itself is floating at some relatively high voltage (termed common-mode voltage). A sensor for converting the parameter to be measured to a signal voltage, together with an amplifier and light-emitting diode are powered by a floating power supply of minimal power rating at the location of the common-mode voltage. An optical fiber link, which itself has great electrical insulation characteristics, joins the LED with a solid state light-to-electric transducer at a relatively remote location. Circuit means responsive to the light-to-electric transducer are included for outputting an analog value representative of the quantity to be measured at the point of the common-mode voltage. This LED, fiber optic link and light-to-electric transducer constitute a first OCI (optically coupled isolator).