Abstract: Preparation of binder resins having improved flow properties in the manufacture of curable fiber composites of natural or synthetic fiber materials, which are based on thermosetting novolaks which contain crosslinking agents and contain practically no free mononuclear phenols, by admixing polyglycols and/or polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof and/or acid esters of polyglycols and polycarboxylic acids, preferably in amounts of in total up to 20% by weight, to the novolaks in the melt, pulverizing the mixture, after cooling to room temperature, and mixing it intimately with the required amount of pulverulent crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Heat-stable moldings for brake linings, clutch linings and grinding tools are produced by molding and vulcanizing a mixture containing a natural or synthetic rubber in the presence of a sulfur-free vulcanizer/activator system comprising phenol resols which contain at least 90 mol % of p-(C.sub.3 -C.sub.12)-alkylphenols, based on the total amount of phenols, and a substance, or mixture of substances, which acts as a Bronsted or Lewis acid under the reaction conditions of the rubber-vulcanization, at a temperature of 120.degree. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Preparation of vulcanizable rubber mixtures and vulcanized compounds thereof having improved adhesion to reinforcing supports based on steel cord and textile fibers, in which effective amounts of modified novolaks are added to the rubber mixtures as adhesion promotors, which are prepared by simultaneous reaction of polyhydric phenols with aldehydes and unsaturated hydrocarbons with acid catalysis at elevated temperature and do not contain any troublesome proportions of free starting phenols. Rubber mixtures according to the invention can be processed in an easy advantageous manner without liberating toxic substances which might be detrimental to persons working in processing and/or to the environment.

Abstract: Polymers which contain units of 4-hydroxystyrene and/or of 4-acetoxystyrene, where appropriate in a mixture with other comonomer units, in particular butadiene, can be used in place of phenolic or resorcinol resins as reinforcing resins and adhesion promoters in rubber mixtures. These polymers are distinguished by the fact that, coupled with at least equally good effectiveness, they do not release any phenolic materials into the environment on incorporation into rubber mixtures.

Abstract: Rubber vulcanizates having a reduced heat evolution when subjected to dynamic deformation, prepared from vulcanizable rubber mixtures containing at least one type of rubber, a reinforcing resin system based on curable phenolic resins and other customary constituents, the vulcanizable rubber mixtures having been prepared from at least two rubber mixtures of different compositions. A process for their preparation by preparing in each case at least two different rubber mixtures differing from one another in their content of rubber, filler, oil, reinforcing resin system and, if appropriate, thermoplastic copolymer, by mixing the constituents thereof, then mixing the resulting mixtures with one another and vulcanizing the resulting final mixture. The use of the vulcanizable rubber final mixtures is for the production of mechanical rubber goods and tires.

Abstract: Modified novolaks based on phenols which are trifunctional with respect to formaldehyde and contain, as modifying components, terpenes and unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives of these compounds, the weight ratio between the terpenes and the unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof being in the range from 98.5:2.5 to 2.5:98.5 and the weight ratio between the phenolic component and the sum of the modified components being in the range from 95:5 to 5:95 and the modified novolaks having a melting point greater than 45.degree. C.Process for the preparation of the modified novolaks by admixing the modifying components indicated with non-modified novolaks in the necessary amounts at temperatures between 80.degree. and 300.degree. C.Use of the modified novolaks as reinforcing resins for rubber and elastomers, as tackifying agents for rubber, as binders for friction linings, curable molding compositions, impregnants, coatings, paints and binders for finely divided inorganic substrates.

Abstract: Rubber vulcanizates having a reduced heat evolution when subjected to dynamic deformation, prepared from vulcanizable rubber mixtures containing at least one type of rubber, a reinforcing resin system based on curable phenolic resins and other customary constituents, the vulcanizable rubber mixtures having been prepared from at least two rubber mixtures of different compositions. A process for their preparation by preparing in each case at least two different rubber mixtures differing from one another in their content of rubber, filler, oil, reinforcing resin system and, if appropriate, thermoplastic copolymer, by mixing the constituents thereof, then mixing the resulting mixtures with one another and vulcanizing the resulting final mixture.The use of the vulcanizable rubber final mixtures for the production of mechanical rubber goods and tires.

Abstract: A reinforced rubber mixture composed of (A) at least one natural, styrene/butadiene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, transpolyoctenylene, ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer and butyl rubber, (B) at least one phenol novolak resin and/or reactive polyphenol, (C) curing agents and, if appropriate, (D) customary additives, wherein the rubber mixture contains, as an additional component (E), at least one polar, chlorine-free rubber in the form of nitrile rubber having a nitrile content of at least 32% or polyurethane rubber in a proportion by weight of 1 to 49% by weight, relative to the total amount of rubber. Process for the preparation thereof and the use of the reinforced rubber mixtures for the production of industrial rubber goods, in particular for the production of antivibration units, rubber sleeves, coatings, conveyor belts and tires.

Abstract: Rubber mixtures which can be easily processed and have good mechanical properties and are based on synthetic and/or natural grades of rubber, the usual additives also being used, contain a copolymer with a melt viscosity of not more than 150 Pa.s., measured at 180.degree. C., of(a) 20 to 100% by weight of at least one alkyl ester of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and/or di-carboxylic acids which contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical,(b) 0 to 20% by weight of at least one amide of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and/or di-carboxylic acids,(c) 0 to 15% by weight of at least one .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and/or di-carboxylic acid and(d) 0 to 50% by weight of at least one other .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomeric compound, the sum of the percentages in each case being 100. Rubber articles and motor vehicle tires with very good mechanical properties can be produced from these rubber mixtures.

Abstract: Rubber vulcanisates based on mixtures which contain at least 55% of active fillers and at least 10% of plasticizing oils, having Shore A hardnesses of below 65.degree. in which the active filler contains inorganic active fillers and 10 to 60% of phenolic resin systems consisting of novolaks and hardeners therefor, all these percentages being based on the weight of the rubber, the weight ratio of active inorganic fillers to the phenolic resin systems being from (9:1) to (1:9); the invention further relates to a process for producing such vulcanisates and rubber articles and tires produced from said vulcanisates.

Abstract: Contact adhesives based on polyurethane rubber, in which the rubber solution is combined with 2.5 to 100% by weight, based on the solid rubber, of a phenolate of titanium, zirconium and/or preferably aluminum and optionally hydroxyl group-containing compounds, and their use for bonding organic or inorganic material such as leather, polyvinyl chloride, rubber, textiles, polyurethane or glass.

Abstract: Thermoplastic composition having high cohesion and a reduced tendency to flow, based on a copolymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomers obtained by conventional methods in the presence of polymerization initiators and a chelating agent based on(A) a copolymer consisting of an alkyl ester of an .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acid with 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alcohol group, an amide of such an acid, unsubstituted at the nitrogen atom, one of these acids themselves and optionally another copolymerizable monomeric compound,(B) a metal-containing cross-linking agent, the metal atom being an element of the second, third or fourth group of the Periodic Table,and optionally(C) other additives acting as extenders and other conventional additives,and the preparation thereof by treating the copolymer (A) together with the cross-linking component (B) and possibly the other additives (C) in a mixing apparatus at 100.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A rubber composition having an improved adhesion to steel cord comprising(a) a rubber vulcanizable with sulfur,(b) at least one reinforcing filler containing between 10 and 50% by weight of active silicic acid,(c) a vulcanization agent selected from the group consisting of sulfur and a sulfur donor,(d) at least one phenol resin derived from at least one mono- or polyhydric phenol and aldehyde, wherein at most 30% of the phenol component consists of a mono-nuclear polyhydric phenol,(e) a compound of a metal being capable of having various valencies and(f) a methylene donor and a rubber article prepared from said composition.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of an abrasive material comprising at least two binder layers formed from at least one aqueous resol I prepared from a monohydric phenol and formaldehyde (molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde 1:(1.1 to 2.

Abstract: An adhesive binding agent based on at least one polymer of dicyclopentadiene and at least one aromatic hydrocarbon wherein the polymer comprises from 40 to 80% by weight of cyclopentadiene units and from 20 to 60% by weight of at least one aromatic hydrocarbon having a boiling point in the range from 110.degree. to 220.degree. C., selected from the group consisting of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons and tetrahydronaphthalene, said polymers having a mean molecular weight of from 300 to 5000, an iodine number (measured according to DIN Standard 53241, part 2) of from 0 to 60, and a melting point in the range of from 30.degree. to 150.degree. C., and an adhesive containing said binding agent in combination with a rubber or an ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer.

Abstract: A synthetic resin binder comprising an aqueous mixture of phenolic resins and optionally other additives wherein the mixture of phenolic resins comprises (I) at least one phenol-resol and (II) at least one co-condensate of at least one monohydric phenol and at least one polyhydric phenol with formaldehyde and wherein in component (II) the molar ratio of the quantities of formaldehyde used to the sum of phenols is within the range of from 0.6:1 to 1.5:1, a method for the manufacture of an abrasive by means of said synthetic resin binder and the abrasives itself.

Abstract: An abrasive material and process for manufacturing the same. The process comprises: (i) applying a basic binder layer to a flexible support; (ii) scathering abrasive particles onto the basic binder layer; (iii) drying and subsequently cooling the resultant product; (iv) applying a second binder layer as a sizer to the cooled product of step (iii); (v) drying and cooling the sizer; (vi) loosely rolling up the product of step (v); and (vii) curing and subsequently cooling the product of step (vi) by passing a heating or cooling air stream substantially axially through the rolled-up product. The basic and second binder layers each comprise an aqueous mixture of (A) at least one predominantly ortho-structural resol having a molar ratio of phenolic component to formaldehyde of from 1:(1.1 to 2.5), and (B) at least one polyvinyl alcohol in an amount of from 5 to 30% by weight based on the weight of solid phenolic resin.

Abstract: An adhesive composition based onI. 100 parts by weight of a block copolymer with at least two polymer blocks (A) and at least one polymer block (B), wherein the polymer blocks (A) comprise non-elastomeric blocks with an average molecular weight of from 2000 to 125,000 derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon substituted by one of the groups consisting of the members monoalkenyl and monoalkylidene and wherein not more than 25% of the original double bonds are hydrogenated, and polymer block (B) is an elastomeric block with an average molecular weight of from 10,000 to 250,000 derived from a conjugated diene, wherein at least 75% of the aliphatic unsaturated bonds are hydrogenated;Ii.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrocarbon resin which comprises polymerizing a mixture of (a) from 30 to 90% by weight of a dicyclopentadiene component comprising dicyclopentadiene and up to 30% by weight of an at most dialkylated dicyclopentadiene having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl substituent and (b) from 10 to 70% by weight of an aliphatic olefin containing 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and a solvent at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 140.degree. C wherein the polymer obtained is isolated as such or subsequently hydrogenated, and hydrocarbon resins prepared according to said process.