Abstract: In switching systems, automatic restarts of parts of the system or of the entire system are used for neutralizing software errors. Given an error that is hard to reproduce, the error cannot be neutralized by the above mechanism. This problem is solved by a restart mechanism that only restarts that software of the computer system that allows a continuation of operations of the computer system with reduced functionality.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement for centrally controlled telecommunication trunk exchanges, including PCM telephone trunk exchanges, with line trunk groups with submatrices, which are connected with duplicate central processors and duplicate switching matrices, line trunk groups connected with duplicate switching matrices over two link circuit systems and each having, among other things, a submatrix and a local controller, are divided into two categories. Concentrators are always connected to one line trunk group in each category. For the loading of the controllers and concentrators with new programs and/or data, one processor continues to perform the switching procedures, while only the controllers in the first category remain connected with it, while the concentrators continue to make connections only over the line trunk groups in the first category. The other processor is connected to the controllers in the second category and performs loading procedures for and through them.