Abstract: Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Abstract: A structural insulated panel building system comprising panels, corners, ringbeams and boxseams having a molded core of expanded polystyrene sandwiched between, and bonded to, at least two facings. The facings are attached to faces of the core formed by molding. Preferably the core is an expanded polymer molding and the preferred polymer is polystyrene. The building system can be used for residential, commercial and industrial structures.

Abstract: A charge plate and a method for fabricating a charge plate for an ink jet printhead includes the steps of removing portions of conductive material from a dimensionally stable substrate with a coating of conductive material to form at least a first and second electrode on a first face with a first space between the first and second electrodes, removing portions of conductive material from the dimensionally stable substrate with a coating of conductive material to form a first electrode extension which engages the first electrode on the conductive charging face, and a second electrode extension which engages the second electrode on the conductive charging face, whereby the first and second electrode extensions are electrically isolated from each other, additionally forming a first space between the electrode extensions, which connects with the first space between the electrode extensions.

Abstract: An orifice array plate and a charge plate for a continuous ink jet printer print head are integrally fabricated by providing an electrically non-conductive substrate; forming, on one side of the substrate, an orifice plate with an array of orifices; forming, on the other side of the substrate, a charge plate comprising a plurality of charge leads aligned with respective ones of the orifices; and removing at least that portion of the substrate that is between the orifices and the charge leads. The final produce includes an electrically non-conductive substrate; an orifice plate, including an array of orifices, on one side of the substrate; a charge plate, including a plurality of charge leads, on the other side of the substrate such that the charge leads are aligned with respective ones of the orifices; and a plurality of passages through the substrate, said passages extending between the orifices and the charge leads.

Abstract: A charge plate is fabricated for a continuous ink jet printer print head by applying an etch-stop to one of the opposed sides of an electrically non-conductive substrate. An array of charging channels are etched into the substrate through the etch-stop layer adjacent to predetermined orifice positions. The charging channels are passivated by depositing a dielectric insulator into the charging channels; and electrical leads are formed by coating the passivated charging channels with metal. A second etch-stop layer is applied to the other of the opposed sides of the substrate, and an array of orifices is formed through the orifice plate substrate at the predetermined orifice positions. The orifices extend between the opposed sides.

Abstract: According to a feature of the present invention, an integrated orifice array plate and a charge plate is fabricated for a continuous ink jet print head by providing an electrically non-conductive orifice plate substrate having first and second opposed sides and an array of predetermined spaced-apart orifice positions. A plating seed layer is applied to the first of the opposed sides of the substrate, and an array of orifices is formed through the orifice plate substrate at the predetermined orifice positions. The orifices extend between the opposed sides. The plating seed layer is etched, leaving a portion of the plating seed layer adjacent to each of the predetermined orifice positions. A charge electrode is plated onto each of the portions of the plating seed layer.

Abstract: An integrated orifice array plate and a charge plate are fabricated for a continuous ink jet print head by producing an orifice plate and a charge plate, and by anodically bonding the two together. The orifice plate is produced by providing an electrically non-conductive orifice plate substrate, forming a recessed-surface trench of predetermined depth into one of two opposed sides of the orifice plate substrate, and forming an array of orifices through the orifice plate substrate from the recessed surface of the trench to the other of the two opposed sides wherein the orifices are spaced apart by a predetermined distance. The charge plate is produced by providing an electrically non-conductive orifice plate substrate of predetermined thickness, and forming a plurality of charging leads on one of two opposed sides of the orifice plate substrate. The charge leads are spaced apart by said predetermined distance.

Abstract: A method for forming a high resolution reinforced polymer orifice plate with jet array for an ink jet begins by electroforming an array of cells onto a base forming a cell assembly. The base has a smooth reflective surface. The cell assembly is coated with a polymer forming a filled assembly. A photomask is applied to the filled assembly; the filled assembly is exposed to ultraviolet light; and the polymer is removed from the filled assembly forming a nozzle plate assembly. The nozzle plate assembly has nozzles respective to the array of cells electroformed onto the base. The nozzle plate assembly is heated and the base is removed from the nozzle plate assembly forming an orifice plate with a jet array. The orifice plate and the jet array are composed of the filled polymer forming a smooth surface.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a drop generator with a uniquely formed nonconductive mandrel, which when encapsulated with electroplated metal, shapes and defines the internal ink channel entails identifying a non-conductive dimensionally stable structure with a shape adapted to define a fluid cavity for the drop generator for an ink jet printer. The ends of the structure are covered with caps. A conductive base is mounted to each structure. Metal from the conductive base is electroformed onto the structure to a thickness at least equivalent to a desired outer dimension. The caps are removed and the structure is removed, thereby leaving a drop generator with a channel adapted to receive fluid and a slot adapted to communicate fluid from the channel to the orifice plate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an orifice plate with high density arrays of nozzles entails disposing a photoresist layer on a glass with a metalized layer forming a photomask blank and patterning the photomask blank with one or more openings. Second openings are formed by etching through the initial openings into the photoresist layer. The photoresist layer is removed and a second photoresist layer is added to the formed patterned structure forming a mandrel. One or more rings are patterned onto the mandrel. Each ring has an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the second openings and an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the second openings. The mandrel with formed rings is plated with a metal forming an orifice plate.

Abstract: A gun firing method for multiple projectiles to be fired simultaneously in a predetermined symmetrical pattern, whereby some of the multiple projectiles are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile away from it's central axis. This in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel will impart velocity to the projectile upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile's center of mass is away from it's central axis, and the placement of the modified projectile strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the loading orientation of the multiple projectiles in the chamber of the gun.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for fabricating an orifice plate for use in an ink jet printing system. Initially, a substrate base is provided, and a controlled-release layer is applied to a surface of the substrate base. A conductive metal layer is adherently coated on the controlled-release layer. At least one dielectric peg is created on a portion of the conductive metal layer, and a nozzle layer is applied on the conductive metal layer to partially cover the dielectric peg. Photolithography is used to define a trench that covers the nozzles prior to formation of a second reinforcing layer. The controlled-release layer is removed to separate the orifice plate from the substrate base. The conductive metal layer is selectively etched from the nozzle layer to produce a completed multi-layer orifice plate.

Abstract: A charge plate and a method for fabricating a charge plate for an ink jet printhead includes the steps of removing portions of conductive material from a dimensionally stable substrate with a coating of conductive material to form at least a first and second electrode on a first face with a first space between the first and second electrodes, removing portions of conductive material from the dimensionally stable substrate with a coating of conductive material to form a first electrode extension which engages the first electrode on the conductive charging face, and a second electrode extension which engages the second electrode on the conductive charging face, whereby the first and second electrode extensions are electrically isolated from each other, additionally forming a first space between the electrode extensions, which connects with the first space between the electrode extensions.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a charge plate for an ink jet printhead entails removing portions of conductive material from a dimensionally stable dielectric substrate with a coating of conductive material to form at least a first and second electrode on a first face with a first space between the first and second electrodes, removing portions of conductive material from the dimensionally stable dielectric substrate with a coating of conductive material to form a first electrode extension that engages the first electrode on the conductive charging face, and a second electrode extension that engages the second electrode on the conductive charging face, whereby the first and second electrode extensions are electrically isolated from each other, additionally forming a first space between the electrode extensions, which connects with the first space between the electrode extensions.

Abstract: A method for the dispersion of projectiles from guns capable of firing multiple projectiles in rapid succession whereby some of the projectiles are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile away from it's central axis and oriented prior to firing. This, in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel, imparts velocity to the projectile upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile's center of mass is away from its central axis, and the placement of the modified projectile strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the loading orientation of the modified projectile. Firing a multiplicity of standard and modified projectiles in rapid succession will produce an accurate dispersion pattern on a target, increasing the hit probability on that target.

Abstract: A method for the dispersion of projectiles from guns whereby the projectiles are modified by moving the center of mass of the projectile away from it's central axis. This in combination with bring fired from a rifled gun barrel will impart velocity to the projectile upon exiting the gun barrel at right angles to the barrel. This velocity along with the higher muzzle velocity will cause the modified projectile to diverge away from the trajectory of a standard projectile. The magnitude of the divergence will vary with the distance the projectile's center of mass is away from it's central axis, and the placement of the modified projectile strikes around the bull's-eye will be determined by the loading orientation of the cartridge in the chamber of the gun. Firing a multiplicity of standard and modified projectiles will produce an accurate dispersion pattern on a target.